Yu, J.; Feng, R.Y.; Zhou, L.L.; Ma, C.; Tang, H.H.; Song, Y.F.; Sun, H.Y., and Yu, X.Q., 2020. Evaluation of the ecological vulnerability of Bohai Bay, China, under major marine functional zoning plan. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 520–528. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

From the major marine functional zoning plan perspective, an evaluation system was established to evaluate the ecological vulnerability of Bohai Bay. It aims to provide a basis guiding of ocean development by prioritizing zoning. According to the evaluation of four cities around Bohai Bay, it is concluded that the vulnerability degree of Cangzhou, Tianjin and Tangshan were medium. Among them, Tianjin's ecological system was the most vulnerable. Qinhuangdao's vulnerability degree was slight, meaning that it has a relatively healthy ecological system. By assessing the vulnerability of these four cities, the ecosystem of Bohai Bay is generally moderately fragile, leaving it more susceptible to ecological destruction.