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For both the regional economy and the national economy, it's of great significance to effectively adjust and optimize the structure of the marine industry, improve the economic efficiency of the marine industry, and increase the contribution of the marine economy. To this end, this paper selects 7 coastal provinces and cities in China as the subjects to analyze the economic efficiency of the new marine industry and the optimization of the structure of marine industry based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist index. The research results show that China's marine economy has developed rapidly in recent years; within the scope of the marine industry, the growth rate of the primary industry is relatively stable, and the proportion of the tertiary industry is increasing year by year; the main reason for the increase in the production efficiency of the new marine industry in coastal areas is the increase in technical efficiency; among the 7 coastal provinces and cities, the increase of the production efficiency of the new marine industry in Fujian Province is the highest. At last, this paper also proposes a few countermeasures and suggestions for the optimization of the structure of marine industry. The research results have important reference value and significance for strengthening the regional marine economy and the economy of the entire country.