The paguroid-infesting bopyrid genera Anathelges Bonnier, 1900, and Stegophryxus Thompson, 1902, are found to be synonymous. Three species formerly placed in either Anathelges or Stegophryxus are not congeneric with Bopyrus resupinatus, the type species of Anathelges. A new monotypic genus Falsanathelges is erected for Anathelges muelleri Nierstrasz and Brender à Brandis, which is redescribed based on type and additional material. A second new genus, Minimathelges, is erected for Stegophryxus minutus Markham and M. nanus n. sp. from the Loyalty Islands. Anathelges mossambica Barnard is provisionally transferred to Pseudostegias Shiino, based on examination of the damaged lectotype. Additionally, the genus Metathelges Nierstrasz and Brender à Brandis is transferred from the Athelginae to the Ioninae based on examination of the holotype. A key is provided for all eight athelgine genera.