Two new crangonid shrimps of the genus Metacrangon, M. proxima and M. miyakei, are described and illustrated from Japan. The former species, from Sagami Bay, Pacific coast of Japan, is very similar to M. variabilis (Rathbun, 1902) from the Bering Sea, but it is distinguished from M. variabilis by the shape of the rostrum, of the stylocerite of the antennule, of the scaphocerite, and of the palm of the first pereopod, the armament of the carapace, and the disposition of the dorsolateral spines of the telson. The latter species, which was previously reported by Miyake (1982) under the name of M. angusticauda (De Haan, 1849) as an unidentified species from off Tango Peninsula, Sea of Japan, appears unique in the genus in having an additional median spine between two principal median spines.