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1 April 2007 Evaluation of Substituted Oxime Ethers for Growth Regulatory Activity Against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)—Article Retracted
Hamzeh Izadi, Balla Subrahmanyam, Mohammad Amin Samih
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Abstract

Insect growth regulator (IGR) activity of 52 substituted oxime ethers was evaluated against an important polyphagous lepidopteran pest, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Several compounds produced symptoms comparable to exogenously applied juvenile hormone. Maximum IGR activity was exhibited by 4′-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3′-buten-2′(E)-ketoxime-N-O-alkyl ether with an ED50 (morphological) of 40 μg g−1 body weight, compared with 20 μg g−1 of juvenile hormone (JH) III. Two more compounds, namely, 4′-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3′-buten-2′(Z)-ketoxime-N-O-methyl propyl ether (ED50 of 192 μg g−1) and 4′-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3′-buten-2′(E)-ketoxime-N-O-pentyl ether (ED50 of 380 μg g−1) showed considerable IGR activity, whereas 4′-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3′-buten-2′(E)-ketoxime-N-O-pentyl ether was found to be acutely toxic to larvae (ED50 of 268 μg g−1). Three compounds used in this study also were synergized by piperonyl butoxide. Synergistic ratios ranged from 1.330 to 4.605. No significant ovicidal activity was obtained.

Hamzeh Izadi, Balla Subrahmanyam, and Mohammad Amin Samih "Evaluation of Substituted Oxime Ethers for Growth Regulatory Activity Against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)—Article Retracted," Journal of Economic Entomology 100(2), 361-365, (1 April 2007). https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[361:EOSOEF]2.0.CO;2
Received: 2 October 2005; Accepted: 18 August 2006; Published: 1 April 2007
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KEYWORDS
insect growth regulator
ovicide
oxime ethers
Spodoptera litura
synergism
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