BioOne.org will be down briefly for maintenance on 17 December 2024 between 18:00-22:00 Pacific Time US. We apologize for any inconvenience.
How to translate text using browser tools
1 April 2011 Seasonal Abundance of Draeculacephala minerva and Other Xylella fastidiosa Vectors in California Almond Orchards and Vineyards
Kent M. Daane, Christina M. Wistrom, Elaine B. Shapland, Mark S. Sisterson
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Almond leaf scorch (ALS) disease is caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa and transmitted by xylem-feeding insects. Reports of increased incidence of ALS-diseased trees in California prompted surveys in three almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]-growing regions, from June 2003 to September 2005, to determine insect vector species composition and abundance. For comparison, sampling in and near vineyards in the San Joaquin Valley, California, also was completed. Sampling in or near almond orchards collected >42,000 Cicadomorpha of which 4.8% were xylem feeders, including 1,912 grass sharpshooter, Draeculacephala minerva Ball; five Xyphon fulgida Nottingham; and a single spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius L. The most abundant vector was D. minerva. Season-long sampling indicated that D. minerva was a year-round resident in and/or near almonds in the Sacramento Valley, but not in the San Joaquin Valley. Similarly, D. minerva was rare in vineyards in the San Joaquin Valley, but was abundant in irrigated pastures near vineyards. D. minerva was most frequently collected along orchard margins, and peak densities were observed in summer, the period of time when bacterial titers are reported to increase in infected trees. Screening of D. minerva for presence of X. fastidiosa found that 1.1% of insects collected near almond orchards and 4.5% of insects collected from pastures tested positive. The X. fastidiosa subspecies and genotype detected in insects collected from orchards matched those collected from ALS-diseased almond trees in the same orchard. Of the few X. fulgida and P. spumarius collected, none tested positive for X. fastidiosa. Results are discussed with respect to X. fastidiosa vector control and detection methods.

Kent M. Daane, Christina M. Wistrom, Elaine B. Shapland, and Mark S. Sisterson "Seasonal Abundance of Draeculacephala minerva and Other Xylella fastidiosa Vectors in California Almond Orchards and Vineyards," Journal of Economic Entomology 104(2), 367-374, (1 April 2011). https://doi.org/10.1603/EC10226
Received: 16 June 2010; Accepted: 1 January 2011; Published: 1 April 2011
JOURNAL ARTICLE
8 PAGES

This article is only available to subscribers.
It is not available for individual sale.
+ SAVE TO MY LIBRARY

KEYWORDS
almond leaf scorch
almonds
Draeculacephala minerva
sharpshooter
vector management
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
Get copyright permission
Back to Top