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25 September 2020 Optimizing Application Rates of Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Microsclerotia for Infecting the Invasive Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Eric H. Clifton, Sana Gardescu, Robert W. Behle, Ann E. Hajek
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Abstract

The Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis [Motschulsky]) is an invasive wood-boring beetle that threatens urban trees and forests in North America and Europe. The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum Petch strain F52 can infect and kill A. glabripennis adults. Products containing this fungus were available for commercial use in the United States but not registered for Asian longhorned beetle. This study tested different formulations and application rates of M. brunneum F52 microsclerotial granules for their potential development for management of A. glabripennis adults. Three application rates of M. brunneum microsclerotial granules relative to a 1× formulation from previous experiments (0.03 g/cm2; 2× = 0.06 g/cm2 and 3× = 0.09 g/ cm2) were exposed on tree trunks for 4-wk periods during May–September. Increased application rates had better retention (% of initial g applied) than the 1× rate, rather than greater weathering loss. Microsclerotia at the 2× application produced 5.05 × 106 conidia/cm2, which was 18 times more conidia than the 1× application. Since A. glabripennis is under active eradication, bioassays with adult beetles were carried out in a quarantine laboratory, using the formulation samples from field exposures. The 2× application resulted in faster beetle mortality. The 3× and 2× rates were not significantly different in retention of the formulation, conidial production, or mortality, but 2× produced the most conidia per gram applied (3.92 × 109 conidia/g). An augmented formulation containing 70% M. brunneum by weight, rather than 50%, produced significantly more conidia and faster beetle mortality than the 50% formulation.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Eric H. Clifton, Sana Gardescu, Robert W. Behle, and Ann E. Hajek "Optimizing Application Rates of Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Microsclerotia for Infecting the Invasive Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)," Journal of Economic Entomology 113(6), 2650-2656, (25 September 2020). https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa222
Received: 27 May 2020; Published: 25 September 2020
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KEYWORDS
Anoplophora glabripennis
biological control
entomopathogenic fungi
invasive insect
urban forest
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