EARLY SUNFLOWER HEAD REMAINS FROM MAMMOTH CAVE, KENTUCKY, U.S.A

RENÉE M. BONZANI; GEORGE M. CROTHERS; PATRICK TRADER; ROBERT H. WARD; RONALD R. SWITZER

doi:10.2993/0278-0771(2007)27[73:ESHRFM]2.0.CO;2

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RENÉE M. BONZANI,¹ GEORGE M. CROTHERS,² PATRICK TRADER,³ ROBERT H. WARD,⁴ RONALD R. SWITZER⁵

¹Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and Social Work, Eastern Kentucky University, 521 Lancaster Ave, Richmond, KY 40475 Renee.Bonzani@eku.edu
²William S. Webb Museum of Anthropology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 gmcrot2@uky.edu
³Gray and Pape Inc., 1318 Main Street, Cincinnati, OH 45202 ptrader@graypape.com
⁴Mammoth Cave National Park, Mammoth Cave, KY 42259 Bob_Ward@nps.gov
⁵505 West Carrier Rd., Enid, OK 73701 ronaldswitzer@att.net

Abstract

We report on the recovery of sunflower head (disk) remains and associated achenes (Helianthus annuus L.) from Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, U.S.A. These remains were directly dated to 2560 ± 40 BP (810-540 cal BC) and indicate the use of weed sunflower before obvious signs of domestication. Although sunflower achenes are more commonly found at archaeological sites, sunflower head remains have been reported previously at only four other rock shelter sites in North America (Dick 1965; Heiser 1978; Smith 1950; Yarnell 1978; Young 1910). The various uses of sunflower in rock shelter and cave contexts are discussed.

Citation Download Citation

RENÉE M. BONZANI, GEORGE M. CROTHERS, PATRICK TRADER, ROBERT H. WARD, and RONALD R. SWITZER "EARLY SUNFLOWER HEAD REMAINS FROM MAMMOTH CAVE, KENTUCKY, U.S.A," Journal of Ethnobiology 27(1), 73-87, (1 March 2007). https://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771(2007)27[73:ESHRFM]2.0.CO;2

Published: 1 March 2007