Amphisbaenians are important predators of tropical ecosystems, yet the ecology of most species is poorly known. We studied the reproduction and diet of two species of amphisbaenian from the Brazilian Cerrado. Also, we investigated whether snout–vent length is sexually dimorphic and whether differences existed in the soil depth at which the two species were found. Adults of Leposternon polystegum were larger than adults of Amphisbaena ibijara. Male L. polystegum were larger than females, but A. ibijara did not show sexual dimorphism. Amphsibaena ibijara individuals were encountered significantly closer to the surface than individuals of L. polystegum, although there was some overlap in the soil depth used between species. Termites and larvae Coleoptera predominated in frequency of occurrence and termites in number of prey in juveniles and adults of both sexes in A. ibijara. In the diet of juvenile L. polystegum individuals, there was no dominant prey group. In male L. polystegum, ants and earthworms occurred most frequently, and termites and ants were most important numerically. In females, earthworms and ants dominated in frequency of occurrence and in number of individuals, respectively. The mean number of prey items in stomachs of A. ibijara was high and did not differ either ontogenetically or sexually. In L. polystegum, the mean number of prey items in stomachs was low. We showed that the diet of A. ibijara at Urbano Santos did not differ between sexes or size classes, whereas in L. polystegum there is a small shift in these aspects.