Microtubules and microfilaments are elements of the cytoskeleton that are involved in cell motility. Dynamic and proper organization of the cytoskeleton is crucial for completion of oocyte maturation and fertilization. When performing mammalian developmental and reproductive techniques, information concerning the dynamism of the cytoskeleton is necessary and indispensable. Although rodents are widely used for developmental and reproductive technology, there are numerous differences between the cytoskeletal organization of rodent gametogenesis/fertilization and that of primates, including humans. Herein, a review of cytoskeletal organization during oocyte maturation and fertilization involving the differences between rodents, primates and other mammalian species is presented. Furthermore, we also review the function of the centrosome as a microtubule organizing center (MTOC). Proper information on the kinetics of the cytoskeleton is crucial for further expansion of developmental biology.