Heligmosomoides americanus is shown by molecular phylogenetic analysis of 3 nuclear (28S, ITS1, and ITS2) and 2 mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase 1 and cytochrome b) loci to be a distinct species of heligmosomid nematode with a long-independent evolutionary history, and not a subspecies of Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Rather than being a recent arrival in North America, the species probably originated as a Beringian immigrant with the host vole Phenacomys, approximately 2 million years ago (MYA).
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1 June 2015
The Status of Heligmosomoides americanus, Representative of an American Clade of Vole-Infecting Nematodes
P. D. Harris,
G. Zaleśny,
J. Hildebrand,
A. Paziewska-Harris,
J. M. Behnke,
V. Tkach,
Y.-T. Hwang,
J. M. Kinsella
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Journal of Parasitology
Vol. 101 • No. 3
June 2015
Vol. 101 • No. 3
June 2015