The Status of Heligmosomoides americanus, Representative of an American Clade of Vole-Infecting Nematodes

P. D. Harris; G. Zaleśny; J. Hildebrand; A. Paziewska-Harris; J. M. Behnke; V. Tkach; Y.-T. Hwang; J. M. Kinsella

doi:10.1645/13-455.1

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P. D. Harris,¹ G. Zaleśny,² J. Hildebrand,³ A. Paziewska-Harris,⁴ J. M. Behnke,⁵ V. Tkach,⁶ Y.-T. Hwang,⁷ J. M. Kinsella⁸

¹Section for Research and Collections, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, Oslo N-0316 Norway;
²Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kożuchowska 5b, 51–631 Wrocław, Poland;
³Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
⁴KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Meibergdreef 39, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
⁵School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7RD;
⁶Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9019;
⁷Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada;
⁸HelmWest Laboratory, 2108 Hilda Avenue, Missoula, Montana 59801. Correspondence should be sent to:

Abstract

Heligmosomoides americanus is shown by molecular phylogenetic analysis of 3 nuclear (28S, ITS1, and ITS2) and 2 mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase 1 and cytochrome b) loci to be a distinct species of heligmosomid nematode with a long-independent evolutionary history, and not a subspecies of Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Rather than being a recent arrival in North America, the species probably originated as a Beringian immigrant with the host vole Phenacomys, approximately 2 million years ago (MYA).

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P. D. Harris, G. Zaleśny, J. Hildebrand, A. Paziewska-Harris, J. M. Behnke, V. Tkach, Y.-T. Hwang, and J. M. Kinsella "The Status of Heligmosomoides americanus, Representative of an American Clade of Vole-Infecting Nematodes," Journal of Parasitology 101(3), 382-385, (1 June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1645/13-455.1

Published: 1 June 2015

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