Catch-at-size data were analyzed for Farfantepenaeus californiensis from fishing seasons 1978/1979 to 1994/1995. The catch-at-size model could be fitted to the catch-at-size data for the different fishing seasons. It was observed that the recruitment to the fishery changed suddenly during the study period, and the recruitment to the fishery may occur over a range of length classes. The recruits were defined as size classes less than 93.5mmin abdominal length. Recruitment varied from 200–3,800 million recruits. In contrast, the size classes were larger than 93.5 mm in terms of abdominal length, and the number of adults varied from 3,500,000–50,000,000. In the study zone, it was not common to find remnant biomass of adults. Consequently, the most abundant size intervals of abdominal length were 62.4 mm, 67 mm, and 72.2 mm. The results of the harvest rate-at-size showed that the size interval from 65–80mmin abdominal length was less than 0.05. The highest levels of harvest rate-at-size were estimated to be 85–125mm in abdominal length, with an estimated variation of 0.6–0.9. It was observed that individuals less than 93.5 mm in abdominal length are in the range of length classes in which recruitment to the fishery occurs. These recruits support the fishing pressure and the yield of the fishery; in contrast, the presence of adults is scarce. Therefore, this fishery in the region is strongly recruitment dependent.