Pumas (Puma concolor) have long been considered transient species in southwestern Arizona. A sighting of three pumas in 2003 on the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge was the first verifiable record since 1944 and prompted further investigation into the presence and distribution of pumas on the refuge. Refuge personnel compiled 76 photographs of pumas since January 2004 and documented presence of five individuals, including a breeding female, in 2006 and 2007.