In this study, the fauna of Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera) from the Amanos Mountains in İslahiye, Gaziantep province, Turkey has been investigated. Information obtained from a series of field studies carried out during 2006–2007 is given. Collection of butterfly specimens was carried out in 55 different localities for this study. A total of 2276 specimens belonging to 76 species distributed in 48 genera within five families were collected. The distribution of species, according to families, is as follows: Papilionidae, five; Pieridae, 13; Nymphalidae, 28; Lycaenidae, 18 and Hesperiidae, 12. The evaluation of literature revealed that 48 of the 76 species collected in this study are new records for the Lepidoptera fauna of the Amanos Mountains, and nine of them are new records for the Gaziantep province.