Prevalences of poxvirus-like lesions were determined for 177 northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and 24 scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) trapped in southern Texas from 1976 to 1979 and for 190 northern bob-whites and 105 scaled quail shot at five locations in southern Texas from 1980 to 1981. None of the northern bobwhites trapped in 1976–1977 was infected, but 54% of the trapped scaled quail were infected; 17% of the northern bob-whites and 34% of the scaled quail shot in 1980–1981 had pox lesions, primarily on the wings. Prevalence was unrelated to sex or age of birds. For both species, prevalence was greatest during late spring and early summer. Histologic and electron microscopic examination confirmed poxvirus in two scaled quail, which constituted the first report of poxvirus in this species.