A wide range of environmental and genetic factors cause fish to respond differently to given levels of fluorides, but they do display characteristic fluoride intoxication signs. Some of the variation can also be explained by postulating a chloride-fluoride excretion mechanism over the epithelial tissues. Such a mechanism would explain variations in toxicity correlated with different chloride concentrations and the survival of natural populations of fish at fluoride concentrations which are lethal under laboratory conditions.
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1 July 1972
FLUORIDE INTOXICATION IN FISH: A REVIEW
W. F. SIGLER,
JOHN M. NEUHOLD