As a result of lichenological exploration in Bitlis province (Turkey), a total of 325 lichens and 21 lichenicolous fungi, which are belonging 113 genera in Ascomycota were determined from 92 different localities. Buellia vouauxii, a lichenicolous fungus, and is new to Turkey and also new for Asia. Aspicilia glomerulans, Llimoniella muralicola, Myriolecis invadens, Ochrolechia subviridis, Placynthium hungaricum and Placynthium posterulum were reported for the second time from Turkey. Collecting localities and their substrata are presented.

Based on studies of the nuclear marker ITS, the plastid ones atpB-rbcL and rpl16, and morphology, five species are recognizable within Scandinavian Plagiopus oederianus. Four of these species are cryptic, whereas the fifth one, Plagiopus alpinus (Schwaegr.) Hedenäs, comb. et stat nov., can be distinguished from the other ones by morphology. Plagiopus alpinus is smaller than the four cryptic species within P. oederianus and has smaller spore capsules, smaller exothecial cells, shorter leaves and shorter lamina cells in the middle and base of the leaves. In Scandinavia, P. alpinus occurs in the mountain range, whereas the cryptic species within P. oederianus occur both in the mountains and in the lowlands. Outside Scandinavia, P. alpinus is known from the European Alps but it seems likely that it is widespread in mountains and northern regions of the northern hemisphere. The cryptic species within P. oederianus differ in several molecular bases.

The molecular variation (atpB–rbcL spacer, rpl16 G2 intron, trnG_UCC G2 intron) among 50 Scandinavian specimens of Meesia uliginosa s.l. was analysed in the context of three other Meesia species, with Paludella squarrosa as outgroup. The molecular variation within M. uliginosa correlates with morphology, and shows that three species exist: M. uliginosa Hedw., M. minor Brid. and M. minutissima Hedenäs sp. nov. Whereas M. uliginosa s.str. is widespread, in Scandinavia the other two species are restricted to the mountains. The three species differ in quantitative features, such as, plant size, leaf size, costa width, leaf apex shape, seta length and spore capsule size. Because the species overlap in several of these features, a combination of seta length and the ornamentation of the exostome outside are the safest characters for identification. Leaf apex shape, small spore capsules in M. minutissima and large spores in M. minor serve as additional identification help. Meesia minutissima is presently only known from Scandinavia. The other two species are more widespread, although further investigations are required to find out their exact distributions.

As a result of bryological collecting trips in the Maçka District (Trabzon Province) in Turkey, a total number of 235 bryophytes belonging to 108 genera (17 liverworts and 91 mosses) were determined from 20 different localities. Of these, 26 taxa belong to liverworts and 209 taxa belong to mosses.

This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of the population of Coscinodon horridus (J.Muñoz & H.Hespanhol) Hugonnot, R.D.Porley & Ignatov in France, a recently discovered species in Meygal (Haute-Loire). A total of 876 individuals (one cushion = one individual) were recorded amongst lava scree on three sucs (volcanic summits), of which 99.6% occur on a single summit. The detailed population counts provide an accurate base-line for future monitoring. Male plants are very rare and the sex-ratio is strongly biased towards females. Sporophytes are also very rare. Coscinodon horridus is a mountain species, strongly linked to harsh environments, mostly on steep exposed slopes of south–east aspect yet is predominately associated with sheltered niches that are protected from direct precipitation and insolation. Sheltered individuals tend to be vegetatively more robust than those growing in more exposed situations. The unique hairpoint anatomy of C. horridus, complex water relations and competitive interactions may explain the narrow niche that this species occupies. Due to the very small area of occupation in France and the low number of individuals, Coscinodon horridus is considered to be threatened in France and is classified as Endangered.

Hyperphyscia lucida is described as a new lichen species from the Netherlands on morphological grounds. It most closely resembles H. adglutinata, but differs by a whiter grey thallus, confluent or laterally imbricate, mostly flat and closely appressed, shiny lobes, a transparent prothallus, and groups of laminal pustules that develop into finely granular to coarsely isidioid soredia. Hyperphyscia lucida was found in 2020 in an area of approximately 1 km² in the freshwater tidal area the Biesbosch. Thalli were found on 14 Salix trees in the southwest of two ca 60-year-old willow forests, together with a. o. Hyperphyscia adglutinata (with apothecia), Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Xanthoria parietina and Hypnum cupressiforme. Further interesting companions include Porina byssophila, Physciella chloantha and Strangospora deplanata.