Todd A. Grant,^1,*,** Terry L. Shaffer,^2,*** Bridgette Flanders<sup>3,****,*****

1</sup>1U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Souris River Basin National Wildlife Refuge Complex, 681 Salyer Roa
²2U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown,
³3U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Huron Wetland Management District, 200 4th Street SW, Room 309, Hur

^*Corresponding author: todd_grant@fws.gov; 701-768-2548
^**Todd Grant has been the Senior Wildlife Biologist with the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Souris River Basin National Wildlife Refuge Complex since 1992. He holds BS and MS degrees from the University of Minnesota. He has broad interests in ecology and restoration of prairie-wetland plant and animal communities in the Northern Great Plains.
^***Terry Shaffer has been a career statistician with the US Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center in Jamestown, North Dakota, since 1983. He holds undergraduate degrees in mathematics and computer science from Moorhead State University and a master's degree in statistics from North Dakota State University. His many interests include statistical applications in avian and prairie ecology, sampling design, experimental design, modeling, and statistical consulting.
^****Current address: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region One, 911 NE 11th Avenue, Portland, OR 97203
^*****Bridgette Flanders is the Regional Refuge Biologist for the National Wildlife Refuge System in the Pacific Region of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Bridgette has spent the last 19 years working as a wildlife biologist for the National Wildlife Refuge System in the Northern Great Plains, Pacific Northwest, Hawaii, and the Pacific Islands. She has a B.S. in Zoology from North Dakota State University and an M.S. in Wildlife Biology from Colorado State University.