Catolesia D. J. N. Hind is an endemic, previously monotypic genus (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae) from the campos rupestres of Bahia, Brazil. A second species for the genus, C. huperzioides Roque, H. Robinson & A. A. Conceição, is recognized and described here. It is distinguished from C. mentiens D. J. N. Hind principally by the well-organized terminal synflorescence composed of (7)8 to 12 capitula, of which one is central and larger, its shorter leaves (4–5 mm vs. 7–19 mm in C. mentiens), its white corolla (vs. pink), and the pappus (a brief crown to 0.1 mm vs. mostly absent). Catolesia huperzioides is known only from the municipality of Mucugê and is probably endemic to the Chapada Diamantina Region of Bahia, Brazil.