Three new species of Pseudobombax Dugand (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) are described and illustrated based on material from Brazil. Pseudobombax minimum Carv.-Sobr. & L. P. Queiroz is not clearly related to any species of Pseudobombax from central-eastern Brazil. However, P. minimum may be promptly recognized by its extremely reduced flowers (to 6 cm long) and fruits (to 5.5 cm long), the smallest recorded for Pseudobombax to date, in combination with the glabrous androecium and the presence of phalanges. The other two new species, P. calcicola Carv.-Sobr. & L. P. Queiroz and P. parvifolium Carv.-Sobr. & L. P. Queiroz, seem to be related to P. grandiflorum (Cav.) A. Robyns based on the number of leaflets and the absence of phalanges in the androecium, but differ due to the absence of intersecondary veins, the larger ovary, and the fruits angled, but not winged.