Rhodiola wenchuanensis Tao Li & Hao Zhang (Crassulaceae) is described and illustrated from Wenchuan County, in western Sichuan Province, China. The new species is related to R. discolor (Franch.) S. H. Fu, but differs in having smaller plants with densely puberulent stems and pedicels and sessile leaves. It is characterized by its obviously dentate leaf margins; a petal to stamen length ratio less than or equal to 1; crimson sepals, petals, and ripe fruits; and a carpel that is not developed in the staminate flower. The new species is assigned to series Bupleuroides (Frodin) S. H. Fu within section Rhodiola L. on the basis of its dioecy and its flowers in terminal corymbs with four or five erect, shortly oblong carpels with the apex not revolute and the base broad.