Following a recent revision of the Ocotea indecora (Schott) Meisn. ex Mez group (Lauraceae), some taxonomic and nomenclatural changes have been made. We present here the resulting synonyms, together with typifications, and one new combination. Seven new synonyms are proposed. The following seven names are lectotypified: Mespilodaphne indecora (Schott) Meisn. var. cannella Meisn., M. indecora var. intermedia Meisn., M. indecora var. laxa Meisn., M. indecora var. stricta Meisn., O. complicata (Meisn.) Mez, O. elegans Mez, and O. fasciculata (Nees) Mez. Mespilodaphne leucophloea Nees & Mart. is transferred as O. leucophloea (Nees & Mart.) L. C. S. Assis & Mello-Silva.

A new species of Anacampseros L., A. decapitata Burgoyne & J. van Thiel (Portulacaceae), a low-growing leaf succulent from the northwestern part of South Africa, is described. Morphological differences separate it from the two other species of the genus from the same region. Flower, fruit, and seed morphology together with distributional range are described in detail for the new species and compared to that of two associated species. The name A. lubbersii Bleck is neotypified.

Two new species, Rhododendron huangpingense Xiang Chen & Jia Y. Huang and R. lilacinum Xiang Chen & X. Chen (Ericaceae), from Guizhou Province, China, are described and illustrated. Rhododendron huangpingense is close to the morphologically similar species R. oreodoxa Franch. var. adenostylosum Fang & W. K. Hu and the sympatric species R. decorum Franch., from which it differs by having short yellowish brown hairs on the leaves, the rachis 15–18 mm long, a rose-colored corolla with deep rose flecks, and the stigma ca. 3.5 mm wide. Rhododendron lilacinum differs from the morphologically similar and sympatric species R. simsii Planch. by having smaller leaves, a shorter pedicel, a pale purple corolla, a smaller calyx, and shorter stamens. Both of the new species appear to be quite rare and therefore their conservation is highly desired.

A new species of Impatiens L., I. oblongipetala K. M. Liu & Y. Y. Cong (Balsaminaceae), from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated, including its seed and pollen micromorphologies. This species is similar to I. lecomtei Hook. f. and I. weihsiensis Y. L. Chen, but differs by the white to slightly pink lateral sepals, the white lower sepal without purple striae, and the lateral united petals with apically retuse distal lobes.

Scutellaria sipilensis Cuevas (Lamiaceae) is proposed as a new species from Jalisco, Mexico, which is accommodated within section Cardinales Epling or in the species group “speciosa” as defined by Paton. The species is related to S. longifolia Benth., S. glabra Leonard, S. saslayensis A. Pool, and S. rosei Fernald, from which it differs by its widely ovate leaves, trichomes of greater size, persistent bracts, and in general by its much smaller floral structures.

The name Quercus cambodiensis Hickel & A. Camus (Fagaceae) is lectotypified herein. Based on morphological comparison and wild population observation, seven names within Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis (Oerst.) C. K. Schneid. (Fagaceae) are synonymized: Q. patelliformis Chun to Q. asymetrica Hickel & A. Camus; Cyclobalanopsis yingjiangensis Y. C. Hsu & Q. Z. Dong to Q. brevicalyx A. Camus; Q. cambodiensis Hickel & A. Camus, Q. camusiae Hickel & A. Camus, and C. pachyloma (Seemen) Schottky var. mubianensis Y. C. Hsu & H. W. Jen to Q. langbianensis Hickel & A. Camus; and Q. subhinoidea Chun & W. C. Ko and Q. chingsiensis Y. T. Chang to Q. thorelii Hickel & A. Camus.

A new species of Acanthaceae, Strobilanthes biocullata Y. F. Deng & J. R. I. Wood, from China, is described and illustrated. The species is found in Hunan, Guangxi, and Guangdong provinces, where it grows on rocks along streams. It clearly belongs to the group of species placed by Bremekamp in Semnostachya Bremek., but differs from all these by two swollen bulges on the dorsal surface of the long-acuminate bracts. Strobilanthes biocullata is the first Chinese species of Strobilanthes Blume reported to have a plietesial life history.

The identity of Zygella S. Moore, a genus of Iridaceae of Mato Grosso, Brazil, has never been satisfactorily established. Plants described by S. M. Moore in 1895 as Zygella graminea appear to us to be conspecific with Larentia linearis (Kunth) Klatt, type species of Larentia Klatt, a plant well represented in herbaria, mostly from grasslands of Venezuela. We reduce Zygella to synonymy in Larentia, and Z. graminea becomes a synonym of L. linearis. A second species, Z. mooreana Hoehne, described in 1910 and also from Mato Grosso, is likewise conspecific with L. linearis and a lectotype is designated for that species. Cypella mexicana C. V. Morton & R. C. Foster, which shares the characters of Larentia, is transferred to the genus as L. mexicana (C. V. Morton & R. C. Foster) Goldblatt; with this addition, Larentia now includes three species.

Clusia magnoliiflora M. H. G. Gust. is described as new for the Clusiaceae. It grows in dry scrub in the river valleys of the Marañón and its tributaries in northern Peru, a kind of habitat that harbors very few Clusia species. The species is distinct on account of its extremely thick, obovate leaves; the large, white flowers with as many as seven or eight spatulate petals; the large, white, triangular stigmata in the flower; and the spherical fruit with the stigmata positioned well below the apex. Clusia magnoliiflora is abundant in the habitat where it was collected.

Two new combinations in the Morinaceae are proposed for the Flora of China: Acanthocalyx nepalensis (D. Don) M. J. Cannon subsp. delavayi (Franch.) D. Y. Hong and Morina ludlowii (M. J. Cannon) D. Y. Hong. Lectotypes are designated for three names in the Valerianaceae, Valeriana daphniflora Hand.-Mazz., V. stenoptera Diels, and V. stenoptera var. cardaminea Hand.-Mazz.

Three new combinations are proposed for Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz subsp. grey-wilsonii (J. M. H. Shaw) D. Y. Hong, C. foetens Hook. f. & Thomson subsp. nervosa (Chipp) D. Y. Hong, C. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. subsp. tangshen (Oliv.) D. Y. Hong, with changes in rank for all three names. Nine specific, three subspecific, and seven varietal names are reduced to synonymy for the first time in the present paper. In addition, the following names are lectotypified: C. benthamii Hook. f. & Thomson, C. bicolor Nannf., C. convolvulacea subsp. forrestii (Diels) D. Y. Hong & L. M. Ma, C. foetens Hook. f. & Thomson, C. foetens subsp. nervosa (Chipp) D. Y. Hong, C. macrocalyx Diels, C. macrocalyx var. coerulescens Hand.-Mazz., C. macrocalyx var. parviloba J. Anthony, C. modesta Nannf., C. rotundifolia Benth. in Royle, and Campanumoea pilosula Franch. The name Codonopsis convolvulacea is neotypified.

New combinations are proposed for four names in Chinese Adenophora Fisch. (Campanulaceae), with three names also changing in rank: A. capillaris Hemsl. subsp. paniculata (Nannf.) D. Y. Hong & S. Ge, A. petiolata Pax & K. Hoffm. subsp. huadungensis (D. Y. Hong) D. Y. Hong & S. Ge, A. petiolata subsp. hunanensis (Nannf.) D. Y. Hong & S. Ge, and A. stricta Miq. subsp. aurita (Franch.) D. Y. Hong & S. Ge. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: A. capillaris, A. capillaris subsp. leptosepala (Diels) D. Y. Hong [≡ A. leptosepala Diels], A. liliifolioides Pax & K. Hoffm., A. polyantha Nakai, and A. chanetii (H. Lév.) D. F. Chamb. [≡ Campanula chanetii H. Lév.].

Polystemma mirandae Lozada-Pérez (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) is described and illustrated from Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Puebla, Mexico. This new species is distinguished by the corolla limb and lobes densely strigillose on the adaxial surface and by the corona lobes with two lateral acicular appendages. Its relation with species of the genera is discussed.

Boyania colombiana Humberto Mend. (Melastomataceae) is described and illustrated from an area of sandy soils in the department of Caquetá, Colombia. It is a disjunct species in a monotypic genus known from the Guayana Shield in Guyana. Boyania colombiana is distinguished from B. ayangannae Wurdack by the shape of the leaf base, the petiole longer than 2 cm, the shortened internodes, and the absence of a dorsal connective appendix. Boyania colombiana is compared to other genera of the tribe Bertolonieae, and the generic position of the new species is discussed.

A complete list of accepted names for the Neotropical genus Stylogyne A. DC. (Myrsinaceae) comprises 35 species and two subspecies. The name Stylogyne lateriflora (Sw.) Mez is neotypified. The following 21 names are lectotypified: Ardisia clusioides Griseb., A. hostmannii Miq., A. surinamensis Miq., Stylogyne amazonica Mez, S. atra Mez, S. balaensis Mez, S. canaliculata (Lodd.) Mez, S. depauperata Mez, S. flumensis (Mez) Ricketson & Pipoly, S. funckiana Mez, S. kappleri Mez, S. micans Mez, S. nigricans (A. DC.) Mez, S. pauciflora Mez, S. poeppigii Mez, S. sellowiana Mez, S. serpentina Mez, S. sordida Mez, S. spruceana Mez, S. venezuelana Mez, and S. warmingii Mez. One error in the original protologue is corrected for S. darienensis Lundell. Two new combinations, S. fluminensis (Mez) Ricketson & Pipoly and S. sublaevigata (Kuntze) Ricketson & Pipoly, are made. Finally, 13 names are newly synonymized within Stylogyne.

The nomenclatural status of all published plant names applicable to American Thymelaeaceae at the rank of genus and below is evaluated. Thirty-two of the 256 published names at specific and infraspecific ranks require effective typifications. Lectotypes are designated for 29 names: Daphne lagetto Sw., D. macrophylla Kunth, D. occidentalis Sw., D. pillopillo Gay, Daphnopsis bogotensis Meisn., D. brasiliensis Mart., D. caracasana Meisn., D. caribaea Griseb. var. ecuadorensis Domke, D. coriacea Taub., D. decidua Domke, D. ekmanii Domke, D. ericiflora Gilg & Markgr., D. longifolia Taub., D. longipedunculata Gilg ex Domke, D. longiracemosa Gilg ex Domke, D. martii Meisn., D. purpusii Brandegee var. ehrenbergii Domke, D. racemosa Griseb., D. sessiliflora Griseb. ex Taub., D. zamorensis Domke, Goodallia guianensis Benth., G. guianensis var. parvifolia Benth., Lagetta funifera Mart. & Zucc. (epitype also designated), Linostoma albifolium Barb. Rodr., Lophostoma bolleanum Domke, Schoenobiblus coriaceus Domke, S. daphnoides Mart., S. ellipticus Pilg., and S. peruvianus Standl. Neotypes are designated for three names: Daphnopsis crassifolia (Poir.) Meisn. var. eggersii Krug & Urb., D. pseudosalix Domke, and D. selerorum Gilg.

A new monotypic genus, Oncaglossum Sutorý, endemic to central Mexico, is described based on Cynoglossum pringlei Greenm. from the state of Mexico and belongs within the tribe Cynoglosseae of the Boraginaceae. The new genus is related to Cynoglossum L. subg. Eleutherostylum (Brand) Riedl and can be distinguished from the North American species currently classified in Cynoglossum by its calyx with imbricate, colored, and broadly ovate sepals, the corolla lobes reduced to narrow strips, anthers on short filaments inserted on the corolla margin, the stigma in the form of a lenticular disc, and tricolporate pollen grains with an additional aperture in their polar region.

Recent Neotropical exploration and floristic studies have continued the discovery of species of Rubiaceae new to science, including the six species described here: Bouvardia costaricensis C. M. Taylor of central Costa Rica is distinguished by its foliaceous enlarged calyx lobes and long white salverform corollas; Hillia pumila C. M. Taylor of dwarf montane forests in central Peru is distinguished by its quite small leaves and stipules; Joosia antioquiana C. M. Taylor of northwestern Colombia is distinguished by its long stipules, leaves with numerous secondary veins, and four entire (i.e., unornamented) corolla lobes; Ladenbergia franciscana C. M. Taylor of southern Ecuador is distinguished by its calyptrate stipules, small, mostly obtuse leaves, and shallowly lobed calyx limb; Pentagonia osaensis C. M. Taylor of southern Costa Rica is distinguished by its dense pilosulose to velutinous pubescence and its subtruncate to very shallowly lobed calyx limb; and Posoqueria laevis C. M. Taylor of Panama is distinguished by its leaves with the secondary and higher-order venation not visible.

Several Neotropical shrubs and trees variously classified in Psychotria L. subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm., Palicourea Aubl., and Coussarea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) share persistent stipules, apparently nocturnal flowers, well-developed white corollas with long tubes, and well-developed drupaceous fruits with two plano-convex pyrenes that generally have rather thin walls and are dorsally smooth or angled; additionally, most of these species have reduced stipules and relatively large fruits. The separation of Psychotria and Coussarea has been problematic at least in Central America, but removal here of six species from Coussarea leaves that genus characterized morphologically by 4-merous flowers and fruits with a single seed. Recent morphological and molecular surveys indicate that Palicourea and most species of Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria comprise a single evolutionary group. These nocturnally flowering species all have the morphological features of Palicourea in this expanded circumscription and are here transferred to Palicourea along with three additional species from Mexico and Guatemala with relatively large, apparently hummingbird-pollinated flowers. Corresponding new combinations and names are published for several of these: Palicourea alajuelensis C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea austin-smithii Standl.; Palicourea beachiana C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea nigrescens C. M. Taylor & Hammel; Palicourea breedlovei (Lorence) Lorence is based on Psychotria breedlovei Lorence; Palicourea calidicola (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria calidicola C. M. Taylor; Palicourea chrysocalymma (L. O. Williams) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria chrysocalymma L. O. Williams; Palicourea diguana (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis diguana Standl. ex Steyerm.; Palicourea eurycarpa (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria eurycarpa Standl.; Palicourea faxlucens (Lorence & Dwyer) Lorence is based on Psychotria faxlucens Lorence & Dwyer; Palicourea grandifructa (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea grandifructa C. M. Taylor; Palicourea heydei (Standl.) Lorence is based on Psychotria heydei Standl.; Palicourea hondensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria hondensis Standl.; Palicourea mediocris (Standl. & Steyerm.) Lorence is based on Coussarea mediocris Standl. & Steyerm.; Palicourea megalantha (Lorence) Lorence is based on Psychotria megalantha Lorence; Palicourea nebulosa (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea nebulosa Dwyer;