Allium naqabense Al-Eisawi & Omar is described and illustrated from Ras al-Naqab in southern Jordan. The new species is assigned to Allium L. sect. Molium G. Don of Allium subg. Amerallium Traub. Allium naqabense differs from the closely related species A. erdelii Zucc., A. papillare Boiss., A. qasyunense Mouterde, and A. negevense Kollmann by having glabrous leaves and by the pale yellow anthers and style that are included within the perianth. The most closely related species, A. erdelii, has leaves that are pilose on both surfaces and anthers that are exserted and yellow. Allium naqabense has glabrous leaves and included stamens. The new species is assessed as Endangered (EN), according to IUCN criteria.

Draba laegaardii Al-Shehbaz (Brassicaceae), a new species from Cotopaxi (Ecuador), is described and illustrated. It is readily disinguished from the related D. hemsleyana Gilg by having erect and self-supporting stems, densely overlapping ciliate leaves, 24- to 28-ovuled ovaries, and linear-lanceolate to lanceolate fruits 1.2–1.8 cm with a distinct midvein. The diversity of Draba L. and its distribution in South American countries are briefly discussed.

Cupressus pendula Thunb. (Cupressaceae) is transferred as Xanthocyparis pendula (Thunb.) de Laub. & Husby, and C. funebris Endl. is synonymized to the name.

A new species, Brongniartia yahualica Dorado & D. M. Arias (Fabaceae, Faboideae), endemic to a small area of the state of Jalisco (known as Altos Sur) on the border with Zacatecas, Mexico, is described and illustrated. It has an unusual floral morphology, including a long and pendant semitubular shape and the largest flowers in the genus. Its morphological affinities with B. tenuifolia Standl. are discussed, and habitat data are given.

A specimen conserved in the Erbario Patavinum (PAD), Padua, Italy, is designated as the epitype of Hibiscus pentacarpos L. (Malvaceae) in order to avoid any ambiguity in the interpretation of the lectotype previously designated by Alexander et al. (2012: 115, [icon] tab. 91) from Zannichelli's pre-Linnaean Istoria Piante (1735: 155). Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb. var. albiflora (Sacc. ex Fiori) P. P. Ferrer & O. J. Blanch. is presented as a new combination from H. pentacarpos var. [β] albiflorus Sacc. ex Fiori and the name is neotypified.

The African genus Crotonogynopsis Pax (Euphorbiaceae) is revised to include four species, including two novelties, C. korupensis Kenfack & D. W. Thomas from the Korup National Park, Cameroon, and the Reserva Natural de Río Campo in Equatorial Guinea; and C. australis Kenfack & Gereau from the southern part of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania, with a distant outlier in Mozambique. Three of the four species are assigned the IUCN Red List category of Least Concern (LC) on the basis of their occurrence in protected areas with no known threats.

Pedicularis milosevicii Křivka & Holubec, a new species of lousewort (Orobanchaceae) from the upper Teberda River Basin in the western Russian Caucasus, is described. It mostly occurs on steep slopes in the subalpine zone, and in some features is similar to P. atropurpurea Nordm. and P. condensata M. Bieb. Both species can exceed 1 m in height, with the new species approaching 2 m when in fruit. Pedicularis milosevicii is distinguished from P. atropurpurea by the pale yellow corolla with the upper corolla lip that is red and densely hairy at the apex (vs. the purple and glabrous corolla in P. atropurpurea). The corolla is consistently yellow in P. condensata.

Aristida helleriana M. Marchi, J. Mujica & R. L. Barbieri is a new species of Poaceae (Aristidoideae) collected at São Miguel's Farm, in Tapes, Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil), during a floristic survey in an area where in situ conservation of Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick (Arecaceae) has been done. Aristida helleriana differs from A. laevis (Nees) Kunth, its closely related species in the study area, due to its few-flowered panicle, with branches bearing spikelets arranged helically and discontinuously along the rachis, leaving it fully exposed in some sections. The new species is distinguished by its lower lemmas 1–3 mm (vs. 8.5–13 mm in A. laevis) and shorter awns 11–17(19) mm (25–50 mm in A. laevis).

Koenigia chuanzangensis Z. Z. Zhou & Y. J. Min (Polygonaceae) from southeastern Xizang and western Sichuan Provinces, China, is described and illustrated. The new species morphologically resembles K. islandica L. and K. fertilis Maxim., sharing a habit of dwarf annual herbs, the leaf margins entire, pollen echinate and pantoporate, and the achene slightly exceeding a persistent perianth and brown, dull, narrowly ovoid, and biconvex. Koenigia chuanzangensis differs mainly in the pilose indument of its four tepals, tender stems, and leaves. Plants of the new species are usually 1–3 cm tall, commonly as separate plants, and leaf blades are ovate to elliptic and often as several fascicles at branch apices. In contrast, K. islandica and K. fertilis have glabrous plants that are taller, with glabrous adaxial leaf blade surfaces, and tepals that are especially glabrous. Stems of both species are tufted, with alternate leaves and leaf blades that are obovate.

The new subspecies Gymnocalycium sutterianum (Schick) Hosseus subsp. arachnispinum Řepka (Cactaceae, Trichocereeae) is described from Córdoba, Argentina. It differs from the nominate subspecies mainly in the following morphological characters: a smaller plant body, shorter distances between areoles, smaller hemispherical tubercles (8–12 mm in diameter), seven to nine shorter spines (7–10 mm) per areole that are shorter and often bent over the tubercles, thinner spines in cross-section 0.25–0.4 mm in diameter, smaller flowers, and pericarp to perigon ratios from 1:2 to 2:3. The new subspecies also differs in genome size and ploidy level (G. sutterianum subsp. sutterianum 2n = 6x, G. sutterianum subsp. arachnispinum 2n = 4x). Moreover, populations of the new subspecies are found in a separate distribution area from that of the nominate subspecies. The new combination G. sutterianum subsp. dolezalii (Halda & Milt) Řepka [≡ G. poeschlii Neuhuber subsp. dolezalii Halda & Milt] is established and the subspecies name is neotypified. A taxonomic key to identify the three subspecies of G. sutterianum is included.

The new species Gymnocalycium campestre Řepka is validated from Córdoba, Argentina, and is affiliated with the G. erinaceum J. G. Lamb. group of Gymnocalycium Pfeiff. ex Mittler subg. Gymnocalycium (Cactaceae, Trichocereeae). The new taxon is compared with several sympatric close relatives or similar taxa. Distinctive characters of the new species include the gray-green plant body with frequently bronze-colored epidermis, distinct tubercles under the areola, the radially arranged, whitish (often chalky) marginal spines (mostly seven) with the longer portion of the spine with colored base, further considerably long and whitish to pale pinkish or pinkish colored flowers, with perianth often 1 to 1.5 times longer than the pericarpel. Flowering time is intermediate in relation to that of other taxa of the group (end of spring, December in Argentina). The seeds are small (1.197 ± 0.048 mm long) within the group. The new species significantly differs in genome size and ploidy level (tetraploid) from other taxa of the G. erinaceum group (diploids). The new taxon has been found in 27 populations, which documents a distributional area separate from that of other related taxa, with the exception of G. erinaceum. Based on the morphological, cytological, and geographical features, the authors hypothesize that the new species may have a hybridogenous origin, formed by hybridization and introgression from ancestors that occur in its geographic vicinity.

The new species Zephyranthes stellatorosea G. Lom. Sm., Spurrier, Flagg & Espejo (Amaryllidaceae) is described from Puebla and Hidalgo, Mexico, and figures are included. This species has affinities with Z. lindleyana Herb. and Z. macrosiphon Baker; however, Z. stellatorosea is distinguished by its inner perianth with a basal white-starred throat, its laterally compressed trilocular capsule lobes, and narrower leaves.

Eleven new species of Palicourea Aubl. from the Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia are documented by recent exploration. Two new species from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru belong to Palicourea subg. Palicourea and are similar to P. premontana C. M. Taylor: P. hollinensis C. M. Taylor of the Cordillera del Cóndor differs in its stiff leaves and pubescent corollas, and P. rodriguezii C. M. Taylor of the Cordillera del Cóndor and the Cordillera Yanachaga differs in its well-developed pedicels and broadly angled pyrenes. Nine new species from the Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia belong to Palicourea subg. Montanae C. M. Taylor: P. albaniana C. M. Taylor of the Cordillera del Cóndor differs from P. lasiophylla K. Krause in its larger bracts; P. azulina C. M. Taylor of central Peru differs from P. sulphurea (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. in its shorter blue corollas; P. bullulata C. M. Taylor of Ecuador is notable for its bullulate leaves and well-developed bracts; P. pachystipula C. M. Taylor of Ecuador differs from P. lyristipula Wernham in its larger stipules and flowers; P. palaciosii C. M. Taylor of Ecuador is notable for its spiciform inflorescences with well-developed bracts and its horned corolla lobes; P. sucllii C. M. Taylor of Peru and Bolivia differs from P. azulina by its shorter stipules and generally longer corollas; P. tunquiensis C. M. Taylor of Peru differs from P. candida C. M. Taylor in its corolla lobes with long apical appendages; P. vernicosa C. M. Taylor of the Cordillera Yanachaga differs from P. albaniana in its glabrous, shiny, stiff leaves; and P. yanesha C. M. Taylor of Peru differs from P. canarina C. M. Taylor in its pubescent corollas with well-developed horns on the lobes.

Begonia phantasma Tebbitt from the Begonia L. sect. Eupetalum (Lindl.) A. DC. (Begoniaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to Bolivia. Begonia phantasma is compared with the similar species B. clarkei Hook. f. and B. krystofii Halda, both of which are also found in Andean Bolivia. Begonia phantasma is distinguished from both of these two species by its leaf blades that are ovate with an acute apex, by its bracts that are greenish yellow and cup-shaped and surround the lower portion of the fully expanded flower buds, by its tepals that in bud and immature flowers are greenish yellow and in anthesal flowers that are cream or cream with a pink tinge, and by its oval androecial outline.