Diptychandra granadillo C. Romero & Arbeláez (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Caesalpinieae) is described, illustrated, and compared with its most closely related species D. aurantiaca Tul. Diptychandra granadillo constitutes a new endemic species from the eastern Antioquia Department in the Central Cordillera of Colombia and represents the second species described within the genus Diptychandra, which was previously known only fromthe seasonally dry forests and the Chaco of Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Diptychandra granadillo differs fromD. aurantiaca by its larger habit, lack of canescent indumentum, larger leaflets, inflorescences in congested conical racemes, longer staminal filaments, and larger fruits and seeds.