A recent phylogenetic analysis revealed that Didiciea King & Prain is nested in Tipularia Nutt., thus it is necessary to transfer both species of Didiciea into Tipularia. The epithet of D. japonica Hara cannot be transferred to Tipularia because of the prior existence of T. japonica Matsum., so a new name, T. kyushuensis Bo Li, is proposed for D. japonica. A lectotype for the name is designated here.

The new species Hippotis brevistipula M. Calderón is found in northeastern Ecuador and is distinguished from H. triflora Ruiz & Pav. by its usually smaller stipules, longer trichomes, and internally glabrous corollas. The new species H. hirsutissima M. Calderón & C. M. Taylor is found in central Peru and is distinguished from H. brevipes Spruce ex K. Schum. and H. triflora by its longer trichomes on the abaxial surface of the leaves and its longer calyx that splits only along one side.

A new species of Ocotea Aubl. from the Amazonian lowlands in Ecuador is described and illustrated. The conspicuous domatia separate the new species from its congeners.

Clusia hirsuta Hammel (Clusiaceae), a new species from the Pacific wet forest in Colombia and Ecuador, is described. Trichomes are reported here for the first time in the genus and described using micromorphological techniques. Morphological and molecular data are used to establish the phylogenetic position of this newly described taxon within the genus Clusia L.

Odontadenia chapadensis J. F. Morales & I. L. Morais, a new species endemic to the states of Goiás and Tocantins, Brazil, is described. It resembles O. matogrossana J. F. Morales, from which it differs by its terete to subterete branchlets, smaller corollas, and puberulent ovary (vs. laterally compressed stems and glabrous ovary). Illustrations and a distribution map of O. chapadensis are included. The combination O. semidigyna (P. J. Bergius) J. F. Morales is made and a lectotype designated for its basionym, Echites semidigynus P. J. Bergius, and O. macrantha (Roem. & Schult.) Markgr. is reduced to synonymy.

The typification and nomenclature pertaining to Funastrum heterophyllum (Engelm. ex Torr.) Standl. are reviewed. The legitimacy of several synonyms pertaining to this species is discussed. A revised and complete synonymy is provided.

A new species of Calophyllaceae, Kielmeyera fatimae R. J. Trad, from the Brazilian state Espírito Santo, is presented here; a complete description and illustrations are provided. The species is the second in the genus with small flowers in the Atlantic Forest; it is compared with the most similar species, K. rufotomentosa Saddi. Its conservation status according to IUCN criteria is estimated as endangered (EN).

A new species, Linum ayliniae Yılmaz (Linaceae), is described from West Anatolia, Turkey. The new species is similar and probably closely related to L. cariense Boiss., but differs in having oblong-linear to slightly lanceolate leaves, lax inflorescences, and larger sepals. Diagnostic, morphological, and geographical data are discussed, and an updated key to all species of Linum L. sect. Syllinum Griseb. in Turkey is presented.

A new species from southern Colombia, Platystele medinae Thoerle (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), is described, illustrated, and compared with similar species. Platystele medinae is similar to P. enervis Luer but is distinguished by its sepals with obtuse apices, linear-clavate petals, and a lip with an obtuse to subobtuse apex. The new species is also similar to P. cellulosa Luer & Hirtz but is distinguished by its 0.5-mm-long sepals without apparent veins and a glandular-pubescent, elliptical, obtuse to subobtuse lip.

The taxonomic identity of Scrophularia koeiei Rech. f. is revised here. In the literature, this species has been treated as a synonym of S. nikitinii Gorschk. However, a detailed analysis of the type specimens and protologue information clearly indicate that S. koeiei should be considered as a distinct species. Therefore, S. koeiei is resurrected from the synonymy of S. nikitinii and recognized at the species level. Additionally, based on their morphological characters, S. nikitinii and S. koeiei, along with related species, are segregated into Scrophularia sect. Spiciformes Ranjbar & Rahchamani, described here. Lectotypes are designated for both species, and detailed descriptions, illustrations, and a distribution map are provided.

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed Chaetocalyx DC. as a paraphyletic genus with Nissolia Jacq. nested within it, based on both nuclear ribosomal and plastid evidence. Considering the morphological similarity among the species of these two genera, which are vegetatively almost indistinguishable, we are here transferring the species of Chaetocalyx to Nissolia. Type information for all accepted species of Nissolia in its new circumscription is presented, including 16 new lectotype designations and the designation of one epitype. Diagnostic characters and information about the geographical distribution of each species are also noted. Nissolia s.l. is now represented by 30 taxa (29 species plus one variety) distributed from North to South America, with two centers of diversity found in Mexico and Brazil.

Kalanchoe humifica Desc. (Crassulaceae) was described in 2005 based on vegetative characters because of the absence of floral material. According to the original description, the holotype of K. humifica should be at P, but we were unable to find it there. We therefore designate one of the photographs published in the protologue as the lectotype. Furthermore, the flowering specimen Miyata et al. 15031401 in TI is designated as an epitype of K. humifica.

During preparation of the taxonomic treatment of Plantaginaceae for the Flora Argentina project, several names were identified as needing typification to stabilize their nomenclature. As a result, lectotypes are designated for the following 13 names: Angelonia evitae Descole & Borsini, A. gardneri Hook., A. hassleriana Chodat, A. integerrima Spreng., A. salicariifolia Bonpl., Ourisia pratioides Diels, O. pygmaea Phil., Sibthorpia conspicua Diels, S. nectarifera Wedd., Veronica lepida Phil., V. peregrina L. var. laurentiana Vict. & J. Rousseau, V. polita Fr., and V. simpsonii Phil. Furthermore, supporting information about the type material of a name already typified by Rossow (O. fragrans Phil.) is provided.

The newly circumscribed group Palicourea Aubl. sect. Egenses C. M. Taylor includes 13 species found in South America in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, the Guayana Highlands, northwestern Venezuela, and the central Andes, often on nutrient-poor (oligotrophic) soils, and is diagnosed by features of its leaves, inflorescences, and fruits. Its species are separated mainly by details of stipules, inflorescence arrangement, bracts, and flower and fruit size, as outlined in a key, and have different ranges and some unusual morphological features as detailed for each. Newly published here are the combination P. moyobambana (Standl.) C. M. Taylor, the new species P. articulata C. M. Taylor from southeastern Colombia and P. flagellifera C. M. Taylor from Amazonian Colombia, and the new subspecies P. egensis subsp. zuliana C. M. Taylor from northwestern Venezuela.

Several species of Rudgea Salisb. and Carapichea Aubl. from the lowlands of the western Amazon basin have been confused due to their morphological similarity, in particular their relatively large leaves of similar aspect and relatively large, fleshy, yellow or white fruits, and are reviewed here. Three belong to Carapichea, the previously described species C. adinantha (Standl.) C. M. Taylor and C. verrucosa C. M. Taylor and one newly described here, C. cardenasiana C. M. Taylor from southern Colombia and western Brazil. Four species belong to Rudgea, R. bracteata J. H. Kirkbr. and three newly described here: R. huashikatii C. M. Taylor & Bruniera of southeastern Ecuador and adjacent Peru, R. spiciformis C. M. Taylor & Bruniera of northeastern Peru, and R. yasuniana C. M. Taylor & Bruniera of eastern Ecuador and adjacent Peru.

Begonia callistemon Tebbitt & P. R. Stevenson, a new species of Begonia L. sect. Gobenia A. DC. (Begoniaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador, is described and illustrated. Begonia callistemon is compared with B. hitchcockii Irmsch., the only other species within section Gobenia that shares a large, showy androecium resembling the head of a bottle brush. Begonia callistemon is distinguished from this species by its basifixed leaf blades; pubescent stems, peduncles, and pedicels; narrower outer tepals in staminate flowers; fewer stamens; and pistillate flowers with five tepals.