We describe here two new species of the African tropical genus Discoclaoxylon (Müll. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. (Euphorbiaceae), D. ikabangae O. Lachenaud and D. korupense Barberá & Quintanar. The former species is endemic to Gabon and is preliminarily assessed as “Endangered,” while the latter is endemic to Cameroon and is preliminarily assessed as “Vulnerable.” Both species differ from the rest of the genus by their fruits, which are less strongly didymous and have the carpels connate for their whole length; D. ikabangae is further remarkable for its long stylar segments and D. korupense for its tall habit and leaves with subentire margins. A taxonomic treatment of these two new species, including their detailed descriptions, two illustrations, and information about their habitat, distributions, and preliminary IUCN conservation status are provided. In addition, we compare them with D. hexandrum (Müll. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm., the only known species of Discoclaoxylon inhabiting Central Africa so far, along with a table in which we include useful characters to distinguish these three species, and an identification key containing all the species of the genus.

Review of specimens of Psychotria L. (i.e., Psychotria s. str., Psychotria subg. Psychotria) from Madagascar has revealed some species new to science. Here we describe and provide Red List conservation status assessments for 10 new species of Malagasy Psychotria: P. anosiana C. M. Taylor and P. apomurioides C. M. Taylor are found in humid forest in southeastern Madagascar; P. kuhliana C. M. Taylor, P. luteofructa C. M. Taylor, P. ranomafanensis C. M. Taylor, and P. razakamalalae C. M. Taylor are found in humid forest in central-eastern Madagascar; P. littoralis C. M. Taylor is found in subhumid, littoral and sublittoral forest in northeastern Madagascar; P. malcomberiana C. M. Taylor is found in subhumid, semi-deciduous forest in northern Madagascar; P. parvihama C. M. Taylor is found in wet forest in the Masoala Peninsula of northeastern Madagascar; and P. rakotovaoi C. M. Taylor is found in humid forest in northern and northeastern Madagascar, sometimes at relatively high elevations. Three of these species are assessed as Near Threatened, one as Vulnerable, five as Endangered, and one as Critically Endangered.

L'examen des échantillons d'herbier appartenant au genre Psychotria L. (c'est à dire le genre Psychotria au sens stricte, Psychotria subg. Psychotria) provenant de Madagascar a permis de découvrir plusieurs nouvelles espèces pour la Science. Dans ce présent manuscrit, nous décrivons et fournissons des évaluations préliminaires du statut de conservation selon les critères de la Liste Rouge de l'UICN des 10 espèces de Psychotria de Madagascar: P. anosiana C. M. Taylor et P. apomurioides C. M. Taylor se trouvent dans la forêt humide du sud-est de l'ile, P. kuhliana C. M. Taylor, P. luteofructa C. M. Taylor, P. ranomafanensis C. M. Taylor et P. razakamalalae C. M. Taylor dans la forêt humide du centre-est, P. littoralis C. M. Taylor dans les forêts littorales et forêts sublittorales subhumides du nord-est, P. malcomberiana C. M. Taylor dans la forêt subhumide et semi-décidue du Nord, P. parvihama C. M. Taylor dans la forêt perhumide de la presqu'île Masoala dans le Nord-Est, et P. rakotovaoi C. M. Taylor dans la forêt humide du nord et du nord-est. Parmi ces 10 nouvelles espèces, trois sont considerées comme presque menacées (NT), une espèce comme Vulnérable (VU), cinq autres comme “En danger” (EN), et une dernière comme En danger Critique d'extinction (CR).

Based on recent molecular work, Polemonium occidentale Greene subsp. lacustre Wherry (Polemoniaceae) is elevated to species rank as P. lacustre (Wherry) J. P. Rose & Sytsma. Key morphological distinctions between this and other species of the clade to which it belongs are summarized.

Review of Dialypetalantheae (formerly called Condamineeae; Rubiaceae) with capsular fruits in western South America has clarified the identities of several names in our current circumscriptions of these genera, discovered some new species, and found new specimens that shed light on some poorly known species. Here, updated generic circumscriptions and characterizations are outlined for Bathysa C. Presl, Elaeagia Wedd., Holtonia Standl., and Warszewiczia Klotzsch, with several species reclassified among them. Five new combinations are published here: B. grandis (Rusby) C. M. Taylor & Maldonado is based on Malanea grandis Rusby; B. mollis (Rusby) C. M. Taylor & Maldonado is based on E. mollis Rusby; B. subspicata (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on E. subspicata Standl.; E. ambigua (Standl.) Maldonado & C. M. Taylor is based on W. ambigua Standl.; and H. microcarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) C. M. Taylor is based on Macrocnemum microcarpum Ruiz & Pav. Seven new species are described here: B. schunkei C. M. Taylor, from central Peru; E. homeieri C. M. Taylor, from Ecuador; Rustia delpreteana C. M. Taylor, from northern Colombia; R. ucayalina C. M. Taylor, from central Peru; Schizocalyx ecuadorensis C. M. Taylor, from northwestern Ecuador; S. magdalenae C. M. Taylor, from northern Colombia; and S. magnorum C. M. Taylor, from Bolivia. The typification of several names is clarified here: the types of E. utilis (Goudot) Wedd. and W. peltata Wedd. have been located, and lectotypes are designated here for Exostema (Pers.) Bonpl. sect. Pseudostemma DC., Elaeagia mariae Wedd., Elaeagia mollis Rusby, Elaeagia obovata Rusby, Malanea grandis Rusby, and W. cordata Spruce ex K. Schum. The identities of some additional names are clarified here: Chimarrhis goudotii Baill. and Sickingia myriantha Standl. are synonyms of H. microcarpa; Elaeagia glomiflora Standl. is a synonym of B. mollis; Ferdinandusa leucantha Standl. is a synonym of Agouticarpa isernii (Standl.) C. H. Perss.; and W. peltata Wedd. and W. cordata Spruce ex K. Schum. are separate species from W. coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch.

As part of the taxonomic revision of the family Vitaceae for the Argentinean Flora, a new combination, Clematicissus pruinata (Weinm.) C. A. Zanotti & A. M. Panizza, is established as the correct name for the taxon known up to now as C. simsiana (Roem. & Schult.) Lombardi.

Dalbergia emirnensis Benth. was previously treated as comprising two entities, the typical variety from the Central Highlands of Madagascar and D. emirnensis var. decaryi Bosser & R. Rabev. from the southern part of the country at lower altitudes. Additional collections and analyses demonstrate that, as currently delimited, these taxa exhibit considerable, discontinuous variability in morphology, habitat, and distribution, a finding supported by a recent phylogenomic study. We show that the material previously included in the typical variety of D. emirnensis represents two morphologically and geographically distinct entities, one that occurs only in the Central Highlands of Madagascar and includes the type specimen, and another that is morphologically and genetically more akin to D. emirnensis var. decaryi, found in the Southern Highlands of Madagascar. We describe the latter as a new species, D. nemoralis Rakoton., Phillipson & Crameri, in which we include D. emirnensis var. decaryi, recognizing it as a distinct subspecies. We also show that D. campenonii Drake should be treated as a synonym of D. emirnensis. Each of the accepted taxa is provided with a full description, a comprehensive listing of specimens examined, details of its geographic distribution and habitat, and a provisional risk of extinction assessment using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria; a line drawing is also provided for D. nemoralis subsp. nemoralis.

Deux entités étaient reconnues auparavant au sein de Dalbergia emirnensis Benth., la variété typique venant des Hautes Terres centrales de Madagascar et D. emirnensis var. decaryi Bosser & R. Rabev. de la partie sud de l'île, à des altitudes plus basses. Des co-llectes nouvelles et des analyses supplémentaires montrent que, tels que délimités actuellement, ces taxons présentent une variabilité considérable et discontinue dans leurs morphologies, leurs habitats et leurs aires de répartition, une constatation qui est soutenue par une étude phylogénomique récente. Nous montrons que le matériel précédemment inclus dans la variété typique de D. emirnensis représente deux entités morphologi-quement et géographiquement distinctes, l'une distribuée seulement dans les Hautes Terres centrales qui correspond au type, et l'autre qui est morphologique-ment et génétiquement plus apparentée à D. emirnensis var. decaryi, et que l'on trouve dans les Hautes Terres du Sud de Madagascar. Nous décrivons cette dernière en tant qu'une nouvelle espèce, D. nemoralis Rakoton., Phillipson & Crameri dans laquelle nous reconnais-sons D. emirnensis var. decaryi comme une sous-espèce distincte. Par ailleurs, nous montrons que D. campenonii Drake est mieux placé en synonymie sous D. emirnensis. Chacun des taxons acceptés est accompagné d'une description complète, d'une liste compréhensive de spécimens examinés, des détails sur sa répartition géographique, son habitat, et une évaluation provisoire du risque d'extinction selon les catégories et les critères de la Liste rouge de l'UICN; un dessin à trait est fourni pour D. nemoralis subsp. nemoralis.

We describe and illustrate a new species of Matelea Aubl. from Península de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Matelea nicoyana J. E. Jiménez, M. Méndez & J. A. Obregón is morphologically similar to M. pseudobarbata (Pittier) Woodson but is distinguished by its stems with dispersed, pilose trichomes, leaf blades without pilose trichomes and with 12 to 15 colleters, calyx lobes deltate, inflexed, and corolla with reflexed and contorted lobes covered by white-translucent, flexuous trichomes adaxially. Data on its distribution and habitat, phenology, conservation status, and morphologically related species are given and photographs are presented. A dichotomous key is presented for species from Costa Rica sharing similar indument. The species proposed here increases the number of Matelea species in Costa Rica to 17, nine of which are endemic.

Salimenaea N. O'Leary & P. Moroni and Troncosoa N. O'Leary & P. Moroni (Verbenaceae), two new monotypic genera containing species historically treated under Lippia L. and Acantholippia Griseb., respectively, are described here. These new genera reconcile the taxonomy of tribe Lantaneae with the evidence so far reached by morphological studies and molecular phylogenetics. Consequently, the combinations S. integrifolia (Griseb.) N. O'Leary & P. Moroni and T. seriphioides (A. Gray) N. O'Leary & P. Moroni are here proposed for two species endemic to Argentina–Bolivia and to Argentina, respectively. Complete generic and species descriptions are included, plus a geographic distribution map, photographs, and line art illustrations. Additionally, the morphological features distinguishing the new genera from other closely related taxa are discussed, and a key to currently recognized genera of Lantaneae is presented.

Werauhia oenophylla Cascante & J. F. Morales (Bromeliaceae), a new species of Tillandsioid epiphytic bromeliad, is described from the montane forests of Costa Rica. The new species is related to W. umbrosa (L. B. Sm.) J. R. Grant by its compound inflorescence with several flowers in short (< 10 cm) lateral branches and coriaceous floral bracts that are longer than the pedicel. Werauhia oenophylla is distinguished by the combination of reddish-wine coloration on the abaxial surface of leaves and peduncle bracts and reddish-rose floral bracts. This species is only known from the country's cloud forests in the Central Volcanic Mountain Range.

A new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Colombia and Brazil is described here, based upon morphological characters. Zanthoxylum palustre Londoño-Ech. & Reynel is distributed in lacustrine, riverine, and swampy environments at very low altitude, and belongs to Zanthoxylum sect. Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch., the largest section of the genus; it is distinguished by several vegetative and reproductive characteristics.

Una nueva especie de Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) de Colombia y Brasil es aquí descrita, sobre la base de sus caracteres morfológicos, Z. palustre Londoño-Ech. & Reynel. Está distribuida en ambientes lacustrinos, ribereños y pantanosos en muy baja altitud; pertenece a Zanthoxylum sect. Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch., la sección más especiosa del género, y es distinguible por varios caracteres, tanto vegetativos como reproductivos.

Two new species of Cordia L. (Boraginales: Cordiaceae), C. caudata J. S. Mill. and C. caucana J. S. Mill., are described from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Both species are quite distinctive morphologically, but their relationships are not evident, so they are compared with the two other species known from Colombia with which they are most likely to be confused. Both new species are apparently uncommon and have geographically restricted ranges and are of conservation concern.

A new species of Cordia L. (Boraginales: Cordiaceae) is described from Amazonian Venezuela and Colombia. Cordia carnevalii J. S. Mill. is distinct in its lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate leaves borne on short petioles, and axillary inflorescences. It is vegetatively distinct from other species of Cordia in Colombia and Venezuela, and no other species in the genus has leaves that are similar. The species occurs in a poorly known region of Amazonian Colombia and Venezuela, and is presently known from only three collections made in a very restricted area, so the species is clearly of conservation concern and is therefore provisionally considered Critically Endangered (CR) by IUCN Red List standards.

Matelea anomala Morillo, Meve & Liede (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadeae, Gonolobinae) is here described and illustrated. The new taxon, known only from a single locality in eastern central Bolivia, is characterized by very small flowers with a campanulate corolla and recurved, abaxially pubescent and not ocellate corolla lobes, an annular corona with fimbriate-crenulate margins, and a terete stipe carrying the gynostegium. The new species is recognized in Matelea Aubl. s. str., for which a generic description is provided as well as a key to the species occurring in Bolivia.

Four new species of Philodendron Schott (Araceae) from Caquetá Department in Colombia are published: P. agudeloi Croat, Edwin Trujillo & T. Mines, P. arevaloi Croat, P. crystallum Croat & Edwin Trujillo, and P. dalyi Croat. All are members of subgenus Philodendron: P. agudeloi is in section Macrobelium (Schott) Sakur. subsect. Macrobelium (Schott) Engl.; P. arevaloi is in section Philodendron subsect. Philodendron; P. crystallum is in section Macrobelium subsect. Glossophyllum (Schott) Croat ser. Ovata Croat; and P. dalyi is in section Macrobelium subsect. Glossophyllum ser. Glossophyllum Croat.

Lectotypes are designated here for nine names in the genus Boehmeria Jacq.: B. depauperata Wedd., B. humilis Miq., B. malabarica Wedd., B. pilosiuscula (Blume) Hassk., B. subperforata Wedd., B. travancorica Bedd., B. virgata (G. Forst.) Guill. var. longissima (Hook. f.) Friis & Wilmot-Dear, B. virgata var. macrostachya (Wight) Friis & Wilmot-Dear, and B. zollingeriana Wedd. Nomenclatural changes to names in the recently published taxonomic revision of the Old World species of the genus Boehmeria are also discussed: B. glomerulifera Miq. and B. diversiflora Miq. are considered homotypic and superfluous to B. depauperata and B. zollingeriana, respectively; B. malabarica represents a superfluous and illegitimate renaming of B. depauperata but is not automatically homotypic with the latter; and Ramium malabaricum Kuntze is added to the synonymy of B. depauperata.

The recent restructuring of Perityle Benth. (Asteraceae), s.l., warrants a new varietal combination of a narrowly endemic taxon in south-central New Mexico. The previously recognized P. staurophylla (Barneby) Shinners var. homoflora Todsen becomes Laphamia staurophylla Barneby var. homoflora (Todsen) Z. S. Rogers & Spellenb. A brief history of this taxon, a rationale for its recognition, and its status as a rare plant for the state are discussed.

The taxonomic delimitation is clarified between two species recently recognized as closely related but distinct, Diospyros clusiifolia (Hiern) G. E. Schatz & Lowry and D. fuscovelutina Baker, which can easily be confused based on morphology and eco-geography. A third entity, Tetraclis baronii H. Perrier, erroneously placed in synonymy over a decade ago under D. fuscovelutina, is resurrected by establishing a new combination, D. baronii (H. Perrier) H. N. Rakouth & Lowry. The diagnostic characters that distinguish these three taxa are presented and discussed, along with a risk of extinction assessment of D. baronii based on the IUCN Red List criteria, which indicates that its status is Near Threatened.

Nous clarifions la délimitation taxonomique entre deux espèces reconnues récemment comme étroitement apparentées mais distinctes, Diospyros clusiifolia (Hiern) G. E. Schatz & Lowry et D. fuscovelutina Baker, qui du point de vue morphologique et éco-géographique peuvent facilement être confondues. Une troisième entité Tetraclis baronii H. Perrier qui a été mise en synonymie il y a plus de 10 ans par erreur sous D. fuscovelutina est rétablie sous la nouvelle combinaison D. baronii (H. Perrier) H. N. Rakouth & Lowry. Les caractères diagnostiques qui permettent de distinguer les trois taxons sont présentés et discutés, ainsi qu'une évaluation du risque d'extinction de D. baronii selon les critères de la Liste rouge de l'UICN qui indique un statut de Quasi-menacé.

Five taxa, originally described or typically circumscribed as varieties of Passiflora foetida L. (Passifloraceae), are here recognized as distinct species in Passiflora sect. Dysosmia DC. on the basis of their unique suites of morphological traits that include variations in the arrangement of foliar glands, reduced involucral bracts, distinct vestiture, and, in most cases, red fruit. Four new combinations and one nomen novum are published for these: P. lanuginosa (Killip) H. T. Svoboda, P. oaxacana (Killip) H. T. Svoboda, P. orinocensis (Killip) H. T. Svoboda, P. subintegra (Killip) H. T. Svoboda, and P. wrightiana H. T. Svoboda. The last is a replacement name for P. ciliata Aiton var. riparia C. Wright ex Griseb. Their distributions and distinctions from P. foetida are summarized.

A new species of Polygonatum Mill., P. bifolium Floden & K. Armstr. (Asparagaceae), is described and illustrated from northern Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao District. Polygonatum bifolium is highly distinctive in that the mature plant consists of two opposite leaves with a single flower borne between these. It occurs as an epiphyte at mid-elevations from ca. 2000 to 2500 m. It is the smallest species of Polygonatum thus far discovered. A conservation assessment is provided based on the available data and several collections with a proposed IUCN status of Vulnerable [VU D2]. We provide a preliminary list of the described species that are known to be present in Myanmar and taxonomic notes on each. Lastly, we provide a lectotypification for P. nervulosum Baker, which should be expected in Myanmar.

Three new combinations at subspecific rank are provided here for taxa of conservation interest in Tropical East Africa: Bullockia setiflora (Hiern) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer subsp. telidosma (K. Schum.) Gereau, Vangueria schumanniana (Robyns) Lantz subsp. mucronulata (Robyns) Lantz ex Gereau (both Rubiaceae: Vanguerieae), and Dirichletia glaucescens Hiern subsp. angustifolia (Verdc.) Gereau (Rubiaceae: Knoxieae). Lectotypes are designated for Plectronia telidosma K. Schum. and Tapiphyllum schumannianum Robyns.

Chlorophytum vespertinum Vollesen from Zambia and Tanzania is described and illustrated. The species exhibits characters unique in Chlorophytum Ker Gawl.: pendulous flowers and fruits, flowers that open late in the afternoon and close before midnight, and leaves with a long-extended reflexed or recoiled tip. Its affinities are discussed in the context of recent taxonomic work on the genus. The species is distributed from central northern Zambia to southwestern Tanzania and usually grows on termite mounds in Brachystegia Benth. woodland or in surrounding areas. Chlorophytum vespertinum is assigned a preliminary IUCN Red List status of Vulnerable.

The Malagasy species of Casearia Jacq. (Salicaceae) have no modern taxonomic treatment and present particular difficulties due to their similar flowers. Twentieth-century authors have adopted overly lumping classifications featuring broad circumscriptions of C. nigrescens Tul. Perrier de la Bâthie published three varieties within C. nigrescens sensu Tulasne: varieties onivensis H. Perrier, ovata H. Perrier, and subtrinervia H. Perrier. All of these are from eastern humid forests, farther inland and at higher elevations than is typical of variety nigrescens s. str. Study of the available specimens indicates that all are sufficiently distinct from variety nigrescens that they should be elevated to the rank of species. They are herein recognized as C. onivensis (H. Perrier) Ang. X. Wang & Philpott, C. angustifructa Ang. X. Wang & Appleq., and C. subtrinervia (H. Perrier) Ang. X. Wang & Appleq., respectively. All are rarely collected, and preliminary assessment of their conservation status suggests that all three are Endangered.

Two new species of Persea Mill. (Lauraceae) are described from Ecuador. Persea basiobtusa Rohwer is a typical member of subgenus Eriodaphne Nees sect. Eriodaphne (Nees) Meisn., but stands out by its small flowers and obtuse to truncate leaf bases. Persea dryadum Rohwer belongs to subgenus Eriodaphne sect. Hexanthera (Mez) L. E. Kopp and is distinct by its lanate lower leaf surface.

Five new species of Aniba Aubl. (Lauraceae) with clustered or verticillate leaves are described and illustrated. Aniba brochidodroma van der Werff from Peru stands out by its short petioles and soft whitish hairs on the lower leaf surface. Aniba glabra van der Werff from Colombia is distinguished by its glabrous flowers and inflorescences. Aniba palaciosii van der Werff from Ecuador can be recognized by the indument of the outer surface of the tepals, with the outer three tepals finely appressed pubescent and the inner three tepals glabrous. Aniba tomentella van der Werff from Peru differs from its congeners in its flower shape; its flowers are wider than long and the tepals are incurved leaving only a small apical pore. Finally, A. verticillata van der Werff from Ecuador differs from morphologically similar species by its subcoriaceous leaves with prominently raised secondary veins and its montane habitat.

Preparing the Malpighiaceae treatment for an upcoming volume of the Flora Mesoamericana has revealed a number of new species, new combinations, and typifications of taxa from different genera of Neotropical Malpighiaceae requiring publication. Nine new species are proposed in this paper from the Mesoamerica flora area: three Bunchosia Kunth (B. bifurcata A. Pool, B. chiapensis A. Pool, and B. heterotricha A. Pool), one Carolus W. R. Anderson (C. yucatanensis A. Pool), one Glicophyllum R. F. Almeida (G. mortonianum A. Pool), two Malpighia L. (M. inclinata A. Pool and M. verrucifolia A. Pool), one Psychopterys W. R. Anderson & S. Corso (P. nicaraguensis A. Pool), and one Tetrapterys Cav. (T. argyrophylla A. Pool). A lectotype and epitype are selected for Malpighia polystachia Andrews [≡ Bunchosia polystachia (Andrews) DC.], lectotypes for Heteropterys beecheyana A. Juss. var. beecheyana f. glabriuscula Nied. [= Heteropterys brachiata (L.) DC.] and Tritomopterys albida (Schltdl. & Cham.) Nied. var. subtomentosa Nied. [≡ Gaudichaudia albida Schltdl. & Cham. var. subtomentosa (Nied.) Nied.], and a neotype for Gaudichaudia chamorrii Ram. Goyena [= G. albida var. albida]. Three generic transfers are proposed: Bunchosia squarrosa Griseb. [≡ Tetrapterys squarrosa (Griseb.) Griseb.] to Glicophyllum as G. squarrosum (Griseb.) A. Pool, Banisteria sanguinea Rusby to Heteropterys Kunth as H. sanguinea (Rusby) A. Pool, and Mascagnia macrobracteata Lundell to Tetrapterys, as T. macrobracteata (Lundell) A. Pool. Finally, one combination is made to elevate Heteropterys laurifolia (L.) A. Juss. var. brevibracteolata Cuatrec. & Croat to the rank of species as H. brevibracteolata (Cuatrec. & Croat) A. Pool.

We describe and illustrate the new species Senecio basipectinatus J. Calvo & Callm. (Compositae) endemic from the Befotaka-Midongy du Sud Protected Area in southeastern Madagascar. The new species is compared with the morphologically most similar taxon S. vaingaindrani Scott Elliot. The taxonomic circumscription of the latter species is further revised and its variety concolor Humbert is newly synonymized.

Nous décrivons et illustrons la nouvelle espèce Senecio basipectinatus J. Calvo & Callm. (Compositae) endémique de l'aire protégée de Befotaka-Midongy du Sud dans le sud-est de Madagascar. La nouvelle espèce est comparée au taxon le plus proche morphologiquement S. vaingaindrani Scott Elliot. La circonscription taxonomique de cette dernière espèce est révisée et sa variété concolor Humbert est nouvellement synonymisée.

Piper alwynii M. A. Jaram. (Piperaceae), a new species occurring in sandstone outcrops of the Cordillera del Cóndor at the border of Ecuador and Peru, is here described and illustrated. Morphologically it shows similarities to species in the Radula clade. Piper alwynii is similar to P. purdiei C. DC. but differs in having leaves pinnately nerved within the lower two thirds of the midvein, nerves pubescent on the abaxial surface, villous peduncles, and spikes 2–2.7 cm long. An identification key for 32 northern South American Piper L. species with small (≤ 10 cm) leaves is presented.

Piper alwynii M. A. Jaram. (Piperaceae), una nueva especie que ocurre en los afloramientos de arenisca de la Cordillera del Cóndor en la frontera entre Ecuador y Perú, es descrita e ilustrada. Muestra similaridades morfológicas con especies del clado Radula. Piper alwynii se parece a P. purdiei C. DC. pero se diferencia por las hojas pinnadas en los 2/3 inferiores, nervios pubescentes en la superficie abaxial, pedúnculos villosos e inflorescencias 2–2.7 cm de largo. Se presenta una clave de identificación para 32 especies de Piper L. de hojas pequeñas (≤ 10 cm) del norte de Sur América.

The name Anthemis aetnensis Spreng. is lectotypified with a specimen from the personal collection of Sprengel kept in the Paris Herbarium (P), and its duplicates (isolectotypes) are traced at G and K.

Recent studies have suggested that the closely related Neotropical genera Desmopsis Saff. and Stenanona Standl. (Annonaceae) are non-monophyletic and would be better considered as a single genus Desmopsis. The transfer of species currently circumscribed in Stenanona necessitates 14 new combinations and two new names in Desmopsis.