Leucorrhinia glacialis and L. hudsonica are boreal anisopterans common in Canada and the north-eastern USA but are rare in central Appalachia, where they are isolated at the extreme southern edge of their range. Adult and larval anisopteran surveys were conducted at 24 wetlands in central Appalachia to determine the number of populations and habitat associations of L. glacialis and L. hudsonica. A mark-recapture study at wetlands containing either of the two target species was conducted to estimate the population size and daily survival. Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) and Jolly-Seber analyses were conducted for the populations of L. glacialis and L. hudsonica, and multivariate techniques explored habitat and community associations. Leucorrhinia hudsonica were found in three wetlands, with the largest population estimated at 34 individuals. Leucorrhinia glacialis were found in two wetlands, with one population estimated at 351 and the other being too large (i.e., not enough recaptures) to apply CJS methods. All wetlands containing populations of L. glacialis and L. hudsonica were permanent, acidic, and fishless, and dispersal from their natal ponds was rarely observed. Most of the wetlands containing these species were created by beaver, with some ponds rapidly shrinking due to a lack of dam maintenance. The isolation and rarity of habitats supporting L. glacialis and L. hudsonica in this region, coupled with the species' poor dispersal abilities and apparent reliance on beaver, suggests an uncertain future for these locally rare anisopterans. The protection of these rare habitats and populations, along with possible translocation efforts and beaver management, may increase these species' chances of persistence.