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22 April 2022 A brief history of English bird names and the American Ornithologists' Union (now American Ornithological Society)
Kevin Winker
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

English bird names exist to increase the effectiveness of communication and to make ornithology more accessible to English speakers and readers. This purpose was recognized from the first edition of the Check-list, when it was considered important to include both a vernacular and technical name for each taxon. Every edition of the Check-list and its Supplements have thus included English names. Improving communication is an important job, and to be most effective a single name usually has to be chosen, especially among birds with widespread distributions and many vernacular names. The Check-list has been the standard for North America for over a century, and it provides the formal scientific basis for avian diversity and its management and conservation across most of the continent. Choices for the English names given in the Check-list have been made under clear criteria and guidelines that are responsive both to increased scientific knowledge and implicitly to changing societal mores. For more than a century, and for many different reasons, many people have been unhappy with choices made about English bird names and about the underlying processes. From the published history alone, it is clear that no process will achieve global consensus, yet there remain many merits to a standardized and widely adopted approach to English bird names. Consideration of these issues in a broader context of linguistics, culture, and history is also warranted.

LAY SUMMARY

  • English bird names enhance communication and make ornithology more accessible.

  • The AOU/AOS Check-list has been the standard list of these names in North America for over a century.

  • Choices for English bird names in the Check-list have been made under clear criteria and guidelines, but many people have been unhappy with particular names and the processes.

  • English bird names are more stable than scientific names, and with its goal of fostering stability, the Check-list committee made less than one substantive English name change a year between the first (1886) and seventh (1998) editions.

  • It is clear that there is no approach that will achieve universal consensus, but there are considerable merits to a standardized and widely adopted approach to English bird names.

Los nombres de las aves en inglés existen para aumentar la efectividad de la comunicación y para hacer que la ornitología sea más accesible para los parlantes y lectores en inglés. Este propósito fue reconocido desde la primera edición de Check-list, cuando se consideró importante incluir un nombre vernáculo y otro técnico para cada taxón. De este modo, cada edición de Check-list y sus suplementos han incluido nombres en inglés. Mejorar la comunicación es un trabajo importante y, para que sea más efectiva, generalmente se debe elegir un solo nombre, especialmente entre aves con distribuciones amplias y muchos nombres vernáculos. La publicación Check-list ha sido el estándar para América del Norte durante más de un siglo y proporciona la base científica formal para la diversidad de aves y su manejo y conservación en la mayor parte del continente. Las elecciones de los nombres en inglés que figuran en Check-list se han realizado bajo criterios y pautas claras que responden tanto al mayor conocimiento científico como implícitamente a las costumbres sociales cambiantes. Durante más de un siglo, y por muchas razones diferentes, muchas personas han estado disconformes con las decisiones tomadas sobre los nombres de las aves en inglés y sobre los procesos subyacentes. A partir exclusivamente de la historia publicada, está claro que ningún proceso logrará un consenso global; sin embargo, prevalecen muchos méritos para un enfoque estandarizado y ampliamente adoptado para los nombres de las aves en inglés. También se justifica la consideración de estos temas en un contexto más amplio de lingüística, cultura e historia.

Copyright © American Ornithological Society 2022. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Kevin Winker "A brief history of English bird names and the American Ornithologists' Union (now American Ornithological Society)," Ornithology 139(3), 1-12, (22 April 2022). https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukac019
Received: 24 May 2021; Accepted: 7 April 2022; Published: 22 April 2022
KEYWORDS
bird names
checklist
check-list
English language
historia
history
idioma inglés
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