Described herein are the immature stages (egg, three larval instars, and puparium) of Sepedon (Sepedomyia) nasuta Verbeke from specimens collected in Bénin. Analyzed are larval life-cycle modalities and larval feeding behavior on freshwater gastropods. Rainfall appears to affect significantly the magnitude of S. nasuta populations in Bénin. Sepedon nasuta is shown to be polyphagous. Its status as multivoltine remains questionable. The species appears to hold promise as a potential candidate for use as a biological control agent against freshwater snails serving as intermediate hosts of parasites transmitted to humans or domestic animals. We summarize herein published biological data on 12 of the 65 species of Sciomyzidae recorded from the Afrotropical Region.

Five new combinations and one new synonymy are proposed in Sparganothini: Paramorbia hermosa (Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2010), new combination; Spaganopseustis gnosta (Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2011), new combination; Platynota arrecta (Meyrick, 1917), new combination; Platynota richersi (Powell and Brown, 2012), new combination; and Sparganothina thiodyta (Meyrick, 1931), new combination, and senior synonym of Sparganothina beckeriLandry and Powell, 2001, new synonymy. Host plants are presented for P. hermosa, which appears to feed exclusively on ferns.

The New World anthocorid genus Ameroscolopa Carpintero and Dellapé is synonymized with Scoloposcelis Fieber (new synonymy) based on similarities in the shape of the ostiolar peritreme and the absence of mid and hind femoral spines in Ameroscolopa and most species of Scoloposcelis. Two New World species, Ameroscolopa flavicornis (Reuter) and A. basilica (Drake and Harris), are restored to their previous position within the Old World Scoloposcelis (reinstated combination). An expanded description of the putative rare western North American anthocorid Scoloposcelis basilica is provided based on additional specimens from Wyoming. The bifid paramere of S. basilica is described allowing males to be distinguished from the sympatric, more common and widely distributed S. flavicornis as well as Old World Scoloposcelis. New U.S. state records from California, Nevada, and Wyoming and the first Canadian record from British Columbia are reported for S. basilica.

Ripe fruits of Chytranthus obliquinervis were sampled from a tree in Buda Forest in coastal Kenya. Four species of insects were reared from the fruits, two species of Tephritidae, an undescribed species of gelechiid moth, and a new species of tortricid moth, Grapholita chytranthusi Razowski, sp. n., described herein. No parasitoids were reared. Notes on the biology, distribution, and conservation status of the host and its pests are included.

Using label data from 1,448 specimens of the giant lacewing Polystoechotes punctata (Fabricius 1793) (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) representing 849 individual occurrences from North American insect collections, literature, and online sources, we examined capture rates over time, phenology and historic and current distribution for Polystoechotes punctata. Captures spanned 1800 through 2018. They rose between the 1860s to a peak in the 1930s and declined thereafter with an increase since 2000 due to photographs posted online. Captures in the United States and Canada occurred April through November peaking in July and August with 47.6% of the records from August. There are no verified records of P. punctata from east of the Rocky Mountains for over 60 years. The loss rate from eastern North America was not uniform but appears to have occurred in three waves.

This is the second in a series of four papers that will treat the 55 species and one incertae sedis in the genus Cladonota Stål. The genus Cladonota contains four subgenera: Cladonota Stål, Falculifera McKamey, Lecythifera Fowler, and Lobocladisca Stål. This paper treats the 18 species of the subgenus Cladonota which includes: C. albofasciata (Goding), C. amazonica (Andrade), C. atrata (Fonesca), C. cinerea (Fonesca), C. crassepunctata (Sakakibara), C. erwini n. sp., C. foliata (Funkhouser), C. fritzi (Sakakibara), C. gracilis (Sakakibara), C. guimaraesi (Sakakibara), C. latifrons (Stål), C. lopezi (Strümpel), C. mirabilis (Fairmaire), C. paradoxa (Germar), C. ridicula (Walker), C. rufescens (Fonesca), C. trilobosa (Fonesca and Diringshofen), and C. undulata (Walker). Cladonota erwini n. sp. is from Ecuador. Keys, species illustrations, and diagnoses are given for each species treated.

Two species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) and their galls on stems of Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britten ex Kearney (Asteraceae) are reexamined. Neolasioptera imprimata Gagné, new species, forms a slender, slightly tapered, woody gall. Neolasioptera verbesinae Möhn forms a much more conspicuous, ovate, relatively soft gall and is redescribed. Comparative notes on the biology of the two species are provided. Neolasioptera incisa Plakidas is a new synonym of N. verbesinae.

Mezira subsetosa Josifov and Kerzhner, a mezirine aradid native to the East Palearctic Region, is newly reported from North America. Beginning in 2015, by-catch specimens were extracted from Lindgren funnel trap samples in Maryland as part of a state surveillance program monitoring for the presence of exotic bark and ambrosia beetles and other wood-boring insects. This is the first confirmed record of this aradid in the New World. Subsequent collections from similar pest surveillance trapping in Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia, coupled with verifiable online images of M. subsetosa photographed at various locations in the District of Columbia, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, support the establishment of this species in the Mid-Atlantic states. A diagnosis, redescription, high-resolution images of the adult male and female, and a revised key to U.S. species of Mezira are provided.

The new species Hebetica sylviae, n. sp., from Kentucky is described and illustrated. All individuals were recovered from nests of the wasp Hoplosoides costalis (Sphecidae), and perhaps originated on oak. The other four Hebetica species occur only in South America. The definitions of Hebetica and Stictopelta are adjusted in light of newly discovered variation in the forewings. The condition of forewing vein R₁ was more consistent than other diagnostic venation features used in the past. A key to species of Hebetica is provided.

Recent efforts to discover insect biological control agents of the Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae), include three new genera: Tentamen Metz, new genus, Longistrebula Metz, new genus, and Tectosquamae Metz, new genus; and three new species: Tentamen atrivirgulatum Metz, new species, Longistrebula argalata Metz, new species, and Tectosquamae furvalata Metz, new species, belonging to the subfamily Gelechiinae. Two additional new species, Tectosquamae poguei Metz, new species and Tectosquamae solisae Metz, new species, from Paraguay are also described. We diagnose, describe, and illustrate the new taxa, and propose hypotheses for placement within the subfamily.

Biological aspects, preference, incidence of damage to fruits of Mexican criollo (Persea americana var. drymifolia) and Hass variety avocado, and new distribution sites of Heilipus lauri in the eastern region of the state of Hidalgo and states surrounding this zone are reported. The biological cycle had a duration of 79.66 ± 4.56 days, and there was a sex ratio of 1.07 females: 0.92 males. There was evident sexual dimorphism; females are larger than males and have a longer, thinner rostrum. The damage attributed to H. lauri was 30% in Hass avocados and 70% in Mexican criollo avocados. Fruits were perforated when they measured 2.0 cm wide and 3.0 cm long for criollo avocados, and 4.0 wide and 5.0 cm long in Hass avocados. There were between one and four perforations per fruit, but all seeds had only one larva inside. The highest percentages of damage occurred on the east-facing quadrant of the tree. Heilipus lauri is reported here at 2100 m above sea level in criollo avocado, yielding a reported elevational range of H. lauri in Mexico from 570 to 2100 m above sea level.

A new South African cicada, Calopsaltria luteotorquata Sanborn, new species, is described and illustrated. This is the fifth known and smallest of the CalopsaltriaStål, 1861 species. A key to the species of Calopsaltria is provided.

A new crambid, Sufetula anania, sp. n., is described from Costa Rica. We describe and illustrate the eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. This is the first report of Bromeliaceae as a host for Crambidae, specifically in the roots of pineapple (Ananas comosus (Linnaeus)), although the larvae also were found on surrounding weeds. The general morphology and biology of the new species are compared to those of Sufetula sacchari (Seín), the sugarcane root caterpillar, a pest of sugarcane in Puerto Rico and surrounding islands.

Opium or breadseed poppy (Papaver somniferum L.; Papaveraceae) is planted as an ornamental and widely cultivated for diverse uses, but especially as a source of alkaloids such as codeine and morphine. Despite a mature knowledge of the plant's biochemistry, its insect fauna is not well known, except for species of economic importance. In a South Carolina botanical garden, the Heteroptera associated with capsules (fruits) of P. somniferum were observed periodically from 2017 to 2019. Adults of the polyphagous coreid Leptoglossus phyllopus (L.) colonized poppies in mid- to late May and mated on immature (and later on ripened) capsules. As capsules mature, their encircling apical pores open to allow seeds to disperse, which also permitted early instars of the coreid to enter. Larger holes in the parchment-like capsule walls (pericarp), which might be made by downy woodpeckers, facilitated entry by later instars. Nymphs, typically late instars, and adults on the surface of immature capsules were observed with their stylets inserted in the pericarp, suggesting that they feed on developing seeds. It is not known if nymphs with stylets inserted in the pericarp of mature capsules, or those inside capsules, are able to feed on mature seeds. Nymphs of the rhyparochromid seed bug Neopamera bilobata (Say) fed only within dry capsules where they apparently developed on ripened seeds. Capsules serve as a food source for poppy-associated bugs, but those that enter via pores or larger openings on the pericarp might minimize desiccation and be more protected from rain, wind, and natural enemies than if they remained exposed on the surface. Nymphs and adults of the pentatomid Euschistus servus (Say) and adults of the rhyparochromid Atrazonotus umbrosus (Distant) also were observed on or in capsules, but their relationship to P. somniferum was not determined.