Eight brachypterous species have been described within the hymenopteran genus Alloxysta. Intraspecific wing polymorphism linked to sex has been previously hypothesized within this genus and the aim of this work was to confirm whether the phylogenetic relationships based on morphological characters between brachypterous and macropterous species are correct using molecular analyses. This study used material collected from Minnesota (USA), with 278 specimens identified as Alloxysta brachyptera (Hartig, 1840), A. curta Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar, 2017 (Ferrer-suay et al. 2017), A. brevis (Thomson, 1862), or A. ramulifera (Thomson, 1862). Twenty-three of these specimens were subjected to sequencing of the barcoding gene, Cytochrome Oxidase I. Previous analyses had identified A. curta as a distinct species from A. ramulifera based in part on shorter wing length and our current sampling from Minnesota identified only male A. curta. However, our molecular analyses (COI) showed that A. curta should instead be considered a phenotypic variant of A. ramulifera exhibiting male brachyptery, and we establish this new synonymy here. Alloxysta brevis and A. brachyptera remain as valid species. These results suggest that some brachypterous taxa within the figitid subfamily Charipinae, which have been described as valid species, are actually sexually dimorphic forms from the same species with different wing morphology.

Smicromorpha Girault (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) is distributed in the old world tropics and subtropics from Australia through New Guinea, Southeast and South Asia. Since its original description in 1913 conclusive evidence of its host has been lacking although it has been collected in association with weaver ants (Oecophylla spp.; Formicidae: Formicinae) either in proximity to ant nests or, on one occasion, reared from one. In this paper we report the presence of Smicromorpha pupae within the gaster of Oecophylla longinoda workers from a nest collected in coastal Kenya. This discovery extends the distribution of Smicromorpha to the Afrotropical Region and demonstrates conclusively that they are koinobiont parasitoids of weaver ants.

The North American sawflies (Hymenoptera) occurring north of Mexico with larvae feeding on ferns (Polypodiopsida) are reviewed. They include the introduced European stipe borer Heptamelus dahlbomi (Thomson) (Heptamelidae) and 21 external feeders in the tribes Aneugmenini and Strongylogastrini (Tenthredinidae: Selandriinae). Host and distribution records are summarized for each species, and descriptions of larvae are provided where available. The first USA records are given for the introduced Palearctic species Strongylogaster macula (Klug) (previously known from Canada). New host records include: Athyrium asplenioides var. angustum (Willd.) T. Moore (Athyriaceae) for Aneugmenus flavipes (Norton), S. macula, and Thrinax albidopicta (Norton); Onoclea sensibilis L. (Onocleaceae) for S. impressata Provancher; and Osmunda claytoniana L. (Osmundaceae) for S. polita Cresson. A list of fern species and their sawfly associates is provided, including descriptions of unidentified larvae.

Two species of North American sawflies are newly reported to feed on plants in the family Asteraceae, bringing the total to four, all in the genus Macrophya Dahlbom. Larvae of M. phylacida Gibson feed on Verbesina spp. and those of M. senacca Gibson feed on Solidago spp. The larvae of each are described and illustrated.

The four most common species of the chloropid genus Apallates Sabrosky found in the eastern US are characterized and photographed for the purpose of helping non-specialists determine the identity of these four ubiquitous species. They are A. coxendix (Fitch), A. dissidens (Tucker), A. neocoxendix (Sabrosky), and A. particeps (Becker). Notes are included to help in distinguishing these species from species in the very similar genera Oscinella Becker and Rhopalopterum Duda. Included is a key to these four species of Apallates as well as photos of the male genitalia and external features of diagnostic importance.

Chilophaga tripsaci (Felt) was recently discovered damaging maize, Zea mays L., in western Mexico. The species was previously known only from a collection made in 1909 on Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L., eastern gamagrass, in Plano, Texas. Chilophaga Gagné and C. tripsaci are redescribed and a lectotype is designated for the species. It is distinguished from its five congeners by female and larval characters that are illustrated and included in a key to species.

The hoplinine stilt bugs (Heteroptera: Berytidae: Gampsocorinae) Hoplinus cincospinus Henry, new species from Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Parajalysus brunneus Henry, new species from Pará, Brazil, are described. A diagnosis, description, and digital images of the adult and selected structures are provided for each species and a revised key to the species of Hoplinus and a partial key to the species of Parajalysus are given to aid identification. New country records are given for Parajalysus punctipes Van Duzee, P. tenuicornis Henry, and P. verucosus Štusák.

A new species of fruit fly parasitoid, Opius (Bellopius) hexachaeta Kula and Aguirre (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is described. The parasitoid was reared from larvae of the genus Hexachaeta (Diptera: Tephritidae) feeding on seeds in entireleaf spiritweed, Aegiphila integrifolia (Jacq.) B.D. Jacks (Lamiales: Lamiaceae). The morphology and taxonomic placement of the new species is discussed.

The similarities and differences in adults and nymphs among Enchenopa Amyot and Serville, Enchophyllum Amyot and Serville, Folicarina Sakakibara, Membracis Fabricius, and Phyllotropis Stål are discussed. Leoiscyta pallula (Richter), new combination and Leoiscyta robiginosa (Richter), new combination, are both referred from Membracis. Enchophyllum imbelle Stål, Membracis carinulata Richter, and Membracis flava Richter are referred to Membracini incertae sedis, new placements. Enchenopa melaleuca Walker, reinstated combination, is referred back to its original genus from Enchophyllum. The holotype and sexual dimorphism are shown for Enchenopa monoceros (Germar). Enchenopa varians Walker is reinstated as a valid species. Because earlier workers placed Campylenchia Stål as a junior synonym of Enchenopa, but did not list all species, Enchenopa minans (Fairmaire) new combination and Enchenopa tatei Goding, reinstated combination, are proposed. For the first time, nymphs of Phyllotropis and Folicarina are figured.

Denning described the apparently uncommon species Polycentropus timesis (Denning, 1948) based on a single male specimen from Massachusetts. Since its original description, additional specimens of P. timesis have been collected from New Hampshire and Michigan. The previous description and illustration of the species are inadequate. Here, the male of the species is redescribed and re-diagnosed, the female is described and diagnosed for the first time, the wing venation and the genitalia of both sexes are figured, and the species is transferred to the genus Holocentropus, resulting in Holocentropus timesis (Denning, 1948), new combination.

The species Ambrysus sonorensis Usinger, 1946 was originally described based on only the male holotype from northwestern Mexico; nonetheless, features of the females are the most reliable to correctly identify a species in the genus Ambrysus Stål. Accordingly, this study provides the description of the hitherto unknown female of A. sonorensis, including the morphological features to properly establish its identity. Additionally, important features of the male not reported in the original description, some of which validate the inclusion of the species in the A. signoreti Stål complex, are herein described and illustrated for the first time. Also, new distribution records are provided and the species range is discussed.

Aulacorthum solani was recorded on Boenninghausenia albiflora var. japonica in Japan in 2019, where symptoms such as deformation and/or yellowing, were observed on infested leaves. Rearing experiments revealed that A. solani is able to reproduce on the same plant species. Boenninghausenia albiflora var. japonica has not been recorded as a host plant for any aphid species, including A. solani. Therefore, the present study is the first record of aphids and A. solani occurring on B. albiflora var. japonica.

The male of Aulacus castiglionii Perioto, Lara, and Turrisi, 2020 is described and illustrated, and new distribution records from Brazil and Argentina are given. Aulacus lucens Smith, new species is described and illustrated from Argentina and Uruguay and separated from similar species. A lectotype is designated for Aulacinus gaullei Kieffer, 1904.

DNA barcoding was applied to select macroinvertebrates from aquatic bioassessment samples collected from National Parks and Preserves in Alaska, USA. The finer taxonomic resolution provided by barcoding revealed the presence of 28 insect species previously unreported from Alaska; 21 of these are also new records for the USA, and 7 are new records for North America, excluding Greenland. The new records are distributed among Diptera: Ceratopogonidae (1), Chironomidae (20), Limoniidae (1), and Tipulidae (1); Ephemeroptera: Baetidae (2); and Trichoptera: Apataniidae (1), Goeridae (1), and Leptoceridae (1).

Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi), a native South American tree, has invaded disturbed sites and natural areas in peninsular Florida. We report Brazilian peppertree as a new host for a little-known heteropteran, the Neotropical scutellerid, Tetyra antillarum (Kirkaldy), whose U.S. distribution is restricted to Florida. In 2016 to 2019 and 2021, we collected a total of 10 nymphs (all instars except IV) and 56 adults by beating fruit-laden branches in mid-February, early March, and early April. Multiple introductions of Brazilian peppertree in south Florida and eventual intraspecific hybridization of two haplotypes (Miami area and Gulf Coast) created genotypes more suited to Florida's climate, which fueled aggressive northward expansion in the peninsula. We review the history of Brazilian peppertree's planting in Florida and its northward expansion in the interior of the peninsula. As a corollary, we propose that Brazilian peppertree's northern spread in the peninsula triggered subsequent range expansion by T. antillarum. Our supposition is based on fruit of the novel host being available in fall and winter when fruits of most other woody plants are lacking, coupled with absence of the bug's other known host, gumbo limbo (Bursera simaruba [L.] Sarg.); this tropical tree is not hardy in the Lake Wales Ridge where T. antillarum was most numerous. First collected at Key West in 1887, the scutellerid now is known from the peninsula's northeasternmost county, Nassau, which borders on Georgia. We present new records of T. antillarum from Florida and countries in Central America and the West Indies, and new state records for Mexico. Certain U.S records of T. antillarum posted on the internet are referred to T. bipunctata (Herrich-Schaeffer).

The hypsoprorine treehopper Philya ferruginosa (Goding), described from Arizona in 1894, has remained little known. Images of Philya posted recently on the internet represent misidentifications of the Neotropical P. lowryi Plummer, known only from the type locality in south-central Mexico; the records refer to P. ferruginosa. The nymphs and adults of P. ferruginosa we found on New Mexico locust (Robinia neomexicana A. Gray; Fabaceae) in southeastern Arizona are the first host records for the treehopper. We differentiate P. ferruginosa from its native congener P. californensis (Goding) and the Mexican P. lowryi, describe the fifth-instar nymph of P. ferruginosa, and present new records from Madrean Sky Island localities in Arizona. We regard as incidental the collection of adults from plants that seem unlikely to support nymphal development.