Lestaevel, P., Clarençon, D., Gharib, A., Peinnequin, A., Cespuglio, R., Gourmelon, P., Alonso, A., Laval, J. D. and Multon, E. Nitric Oxide Voltammetric Measurements in the Rat Brain after Gamma Irradiation. Radiat. Res. 160, 631–636 (2003).

The effects of a lethal γ irradiation were investigated on cerebral NO-ergic system by using a voltammetric method in freely moving rats. It is reported that the cortical NO concentration increases right from the end of the radiation exposure (15 Gy) and reaches a maximal magnitude ( 120%) 24 h later. A dose–effect relationship from 2 to 15 Gy for γ-ray exposure has also been observed. The effects, obtained with either an NO synthase inhibitor nonselective for the different NO synthase isoforms or an NO synthase inhibitor selective for the constitutive isoform, suggest that the radiation-induced increase in NO is likely to be dependent on the inducible NO synthase isoform. Moreover, experiments performed under ex vivo conditions showed that the cortical mRNA level for Ca -independent NO synthase, the brain NOS activity, and urinary nitrites/nitrates increased significantly 24 h after γ-ray exposure. These results demonstrate that a supralethal whole-body irradiation alters the NO-ergic pathways. The increase in NO obtained under such conditions might constitute a good index of central nervous system radiosensitivity during the acute phase of the radiation syndrome.