We describe a new species of hemidactyliine salamander in the genus Eurycea based on a study of variation in morphometric, osteologic, reproductive, and larval characteristics and allozyme-based allele frequencies and fixed differences in samples of two color pattern morphs known to exist in the E. quadridigitata complex in North and South Carolina. The new species differs from its presumptive relative Eurycea quadridigitata (Holbrook) in having a bright yellow venter, a smaller size, relatively longer limbs, fewer paravomerine teeth, a greater number of yolk-laden ovarian eggs, and dorsally spotted hatchling larvae. Osteologic differences include a frontal with a well-developed triangular postero-lateral process, a prevomer that lacks a postero-medial bony shelf, a prevomerine tooth series that is not sharply arched, a tetraradiate os triangulare, and fewer trunk vertebrae. The new species exhibits between four and seven fixed allozyme differences from E. quadridigitata. The two species are largely allopatric in distribution in the Carolinas.