The Greater Chassahowitzka Ecosystem (GCE) in west central Florida supports one of the smallest black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) populations (< 20 adults) in North America. Females were markedly older (8.9 years) than those in other bear populations and recruitment appears infrequent. Mean annual home ranges (male: X̄ = 105 km²; female: X̄ = 31 km²) tended to be smaller than those observed in other Florida populations. Habitat was used in proportion to what was available in the GCE with a tendency to select bottomland hardwood forest. Habitat beyond the inhabited core area was dominated by anthropogenic land uses, less forest, and was not used by GCE bears. Land management must focus on maintaining the quality of existing habitat and facilitating connectivity with other black bear populations.