The most important stink bug pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., in Texas, the redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was detected and monitored by using a sweep net on soybean and white clover, Trifolium repens L. Many nymphs and adults were found on white clover that sustained and provided breeding sites during early summer when soybeans were not attractive to stink bugs. As soybeans entered reproductive phases and progressed from flowering to maturity, the number of redbanded stink bugs on soybean increased to a peak at maturity stage (R7) in early to mid-October. Of the redbanded stink bugs collected from both hosts, 52% were in white clover and the remainder in soybeans. The nymph-to-adult ratio was 2.5 on white clover, but less than 1.2 on soybean, suggesting more reproduction on white clover than soybean. Future studies should assess differences in ratios of nymphs and adults between white clover and soybean by determining fecundity, adult survival, and/or dispersal on each host. Knowledge of suitability of white clover to redbanded stink bug could help in developing ecologically-based management strategies to mitigate their increase in abundance.

Little is known of and no flight activity has been documented for the salvinia weevil, Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands, in the United States. A bucket-type blacklight was used to determine the flight activity of the salvinia weevil in Louisiana from 2013–2015. One trap was operated during summer and early fall 2013 at the LSU AgCenter weevil rearing facility at Houma, LA. Number of weevils captured in the trap ranged from 30 (18 July) to zero (11 September). Weevils per kilogram of salvinia from the adjacent pond ranged from 9.1 (15 August) to 41.5 (8 October). Another trap was run on Cross Lake at Shreveport, LA, during 2013–2015 in conjunction with weevil releases for biological control of giant salvinia, Salvinia molesta Mitchell. During 2013, nine and six weevils were captured in the light trap on 11 and 18 September, respectively. No weevils were captured in the light trap in 2014 because of the late release of weevils in August. During 2015, weevils captured in the trap ranged from eight (week ending 1 July) to a peak of 29 weevils for the week ending 30 July. Weevils per kilogram of salvinia increased from 7.2 (27 May) to 28.4 (2 September). Weevil flight activity might occur almost continuously when abundance and nighttime temperatures are sufficiently warm. Peak flight activity, as indicated by captures in light traps, occurred mid- to late-July. More research is needed on the factors influencing weevil flight activity, duration, and distance.

The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), has historically been a major pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in Kansas. Resistant cultivars are used to protect seedling wheat plants from damage by Hessian fly larvae in the fall. However, it is not known if the cultivars are resistant after winter vernalization. Experiments in a greenhouse indicated that ‘Armour', a cultivar considered intermediately resistant, remained resistant under low levels of infestation by Hessian fly, but kernel weight was significantly reduced by a mean of 0.13 g per spike when Hessian flies were abundant. In the field, Armour was not resistant post-vernalization, with infested plants having culm heights reduced by an average of 14.2 cm and kernel weight reduced by 0.10 g per spike compared to noninfested plants. In addition, infested plants had significantly fewer spikelets per spike, and fewer kernels per spike. ‘Duster', a cultivar considered very resistant, was resistant to Hessian fly larvae in the greenhouse and the field, and even produced significantly heavier kernels when Hessian flies were abundant in the greenhouse. Infestation of susceptible cultivar ‘Fuller' in the greenhouse and field resulted in culm heights reduced by up to a mean of 11.2 cm per spike as well as significantly fewer kernels per spikelet. Kernel weight was significantly reduced by a mean of over 0.1 g per spike in both the greenhouse and the field. The results suggested that all cultivars resistant to Hessian fly should be evaluated after vernalization to determine if each continued to be resistant into the spring. Little information is available on if and how feeding by Hessian fly larvae on more mature hard red winter wheat (Feekes 7 to 10) after vernalization impacts plants, aside from lodging. Growers are aware when Hessian fly larvae kill seedlings or cause plants lodging, but small and significant, although less dramatic, yield loss might occur undetected.

Infestation by coffee white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is becoming severe in parts of Asia and Africa. In recent years, the pest has also been found in North and South America. This study in Gulmi District, Nepal, aimed to determine the severity of infestation by coffee white stem borer in relation to soil and plant nutrient content and associated quality aspects. Eighty plantations of coffee, Coffea arabica L., were inspected, 68 coffee growers were interviewed, and 120 soil and plant samples were analyzed. During the interviews, 72% respondents claimed coffee white stem borer was a major hurdle to production of coffee. Depending on the amount of damage, annual yield loss in infested plantations was as much as 60%. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), plants growing with more soil nitrogen, pH, and organic matter were healthier than plants with less. Results suggested that soil attributes are crucial for management of coffee white stem borer.

The southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, can be a serious pest of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pods. A laboratory bioassay was developed to test feeding cysteine proteinase inhibitors soyacystatin N (scN) and E-64 against southern corn rootworm reared on artificial diet to determine the effects on larval development and mortality. Soyacystatin N increased mortality of larvae and decreased larval development as measured by live weights at 4 and 7 d. Seven d weight gain for larvae in the control increased by 66%, while the 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml doses decreased by 50, 42, and 79%, respectively. The proteinase inhibitor proved to be a good candidate as a means of host-plant resistance for reducing larval development and increasing the chance to interrupt metabolism and increased mortality. E-64 also demonstrated significant larval mortality and decreased weight gain when fed through artificial diet. At 7 d, after feeding on the 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/ml doses, larval weights were decreased by 80, 150, and 190%, respectively, when compared to the controls. The deleterious effects of these inhibitors from these assays provides enough evidence that cultivars should be screened from the world collection to determine what lines may be available to use in the development of southern corn rootworm-resistant peanut lines.

Zebra chip of potato, Solanum tuberosum L., is caused by the phytopathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) transmitted by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc. While the potato psyllid is native to the United States and northern Mexico, the Lso range has expanded north and south during the past 10 years. Historically, population-level studies have used the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and applied molecular biology techniques to understand population genetics of the species. Unfortunately, most published phylogenies are based on a few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this single-gene sequence. In this study, the nearly complete mitochondrial genome for several potato psyllid populations from North America: Texas, Nebraska, California, Washington, northwest (Washington), and southwest (Arizona), were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The gene content included: two ribosomal RNAs (16S and 12S rRNAs); 22 tRNAs and genes that encode for the 13 proteins: COI-III, Cytb, ND1-6, ND4L, ATP6, and ATP8. Through analysis of the almost complete mitochondrial genome, potato psyllid populations from Texas, Nebraska (central biotype), and southwestern haplotype were determined to be most closely related. Divergent from this clade were the Washington and California populations (western biotype). The northwestern population seems to be a new population that has arisen from the western biotype. Use of the whole mitochondrial genome, instead of one gene, provides greater depth and improves understanding of the relationships among the different potato psyllid populations as well as with other closely related species.

Citrus production is threatened by Huanglongbing disease transmitted by Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Developing strategies to control the vector is necessary. Conidial infectivity of four Mexican strains of Hirsutella citriformis Speare (INIFAP-Hir-2, INIFAP-Hir-4, IB-Hir-1, and IB-Hir-2) was evaluated in a semifield bioassay against adult Asian citrus psyllid. The bioassay was done in an orchard of Persian lime (Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. et Panz.) Swingle var. latifolia Yu. Tanaka) at Veracruz, Mexico. The four strains showed pathogenicity, but INIFAP-Hir-2 and INIFAP-Hir-4 killed most (51.05-50.6%), with no significant difference between them. Thirty days after application in the field, several H. citriformis strains were recovered from mycosed insects and grown in different media where they varied depending on the culture medium and strain and presented morphological characteristics similar to the strains applied and to a local strain previously isolated. Mycosed insects increased from 2.3 to 10.0 per tree 30 days after application of strains of H. citriformis in the orchard. The four H. citriformis strains applied by spraying showed pathogenicity against the Asian citrus psyllid under semifield conditions. Entomopathogenic fungi such as H. citriformis could be a promising alternative in an integrated management program against Huanglongbing, but need more evaluation in the field.

The myrmecofauna of Rockwall County, TX are undersampled. A survey from March to November 2015 resulted in collection and identification of twelve species of ants. Solenopsis invicta Buren, Monomorium minimum Buckley, and Forelius pruinosus Roger were the species collected most often on the ground, while Crematogaster laeviuscula Mayr was the dominant arboreal species. We believe our identification of Aphaenogaster huachucana Creighton to be the first record of this species in the state.

The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, native to South America, is an economically important urban pest that has few natural enemies in the southern United States. Solenopsis invicta virus-1 (SINV-1) is a picorna-like single-stranded positive-sense virus known to affect only S. invicta. RNA interference (RNAi) is a known regulator of RNA viruses in biological systems and is an emerging biologically based insect control method. The purpose of this study was to increase, then decrease viral titers of SINV-1 in S. invicta colonies during a period of 1 month to demonstrate a possible use of SINV-1 as a targeted, controllable management strategy against S. invicta. Manipulation of SINV-1 viral titers was attempted by first exposing S. invicta colonies to SINV-1 and after 15 days exposing the same colonies to novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) coded for SINV-1 viral capsid genes. S. invicta colonies were monitored during the 1-month period, and significant increases and decreases in viral titers of SINV-1 were noted. Significantly more workers in S. invicta colonies exposed to SINV-1 died than did similarly sized noninfected S. invicta colonies during 30 days. Increases and decreases of viral titers of SINV-1 directly correlated with the increases and decreases in mortality.

Evidence of vertical transmission of dengue virus (DENV) in yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), was found at Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Ae. aegypti larvae were collected from 729 containers in a total of 178 households between September and November 2012. Larvae collected were put into sterile bags and transported in thermoses. RT-PCR followed by semi-nested PCR for molecular serotyping was used to evaluate for dengue virus in larval pools. Of the 178 houses sampled, 79 (44.4%) were positive for at last one Ae. aegypti larva. The positive breeding sites were grouped into a total of 79 pools. Only three larval pools from three houses close together were positive for DENV-2. The infection rate was 0.32 per 1,000 mosquitos (95% CI 0.09–0.85 per 1,000 mosquitoes). The result of this report suggested that vertical transmission of dengue virus in Ae. aegypti might be a mechanism of viral perpetuation during inter-epidemic periods.

Three new species of Boletina Staeger fungus gnats were discovered during the first collection season in a forest of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lambert) and white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in the western Lower Peninsula of Michigan. None was observed during almost 10 years of trapping in a nearby swamp dominated by deciduous rather than evergreen trees despite separation of the habitats by less than 1 km. Boletina peninsula Taber belongs to the Boletina nitida Grzegorzek species group. The closest relatives of Boletina autumna Taber and Boletina ursa Taber have not been determined.

The butterflies at Natura Park in Veracruz, Mexico, were studied during their annual peak in abundance. Butterflies were collected from 21 March through 21 June during spring 2014, for a total of 14 days of collection which were equivalent to 126 hours of fieldwork. Recorded were 775 specimens of 120 species in 81 genera, 15 subfamilies, and five families (573 specimens of 68 species of Nymphalidae, 135/25 of Pieridae, 31/11 of Lycaenidae, 27/nine of Papilionidae, and nine/seven of Riodinidae). The species richness indicated that March was the month with the largest number of species (71), with Nymphalidae the dominant family. In a curve of accumulation of species, the asymptote did not become stable, while Chao 2 estimated the presence of 173 species versus the 120 found, indicating an absence of 50 species still to be reported. Results of the study were compared with the fauna at Xalapa, Veracruz. It was observed that 64 species were exclusive to Natura Park and 56 species were found at both study areas. The Jaccard Index showed 70% similarity in species between both study areas. The species Danaus plexippus plexippus L. and Eumaeus childrenae (G. Gray) seem to be threatened.

The Agromyzidae family is composed of flies whose larvae feed on plants. Two leaf miner species that feed on crops of maize, Zea mays L., were studied. Agromyza parvicornis Loew 1869 caused linear mines and/or undefined spots, while Liriomyza marginalis (Malloch) 1913 mined linearly parallel to leaf veins. Herein are photographs of the mines, larvae, pupae, adults, and aedeagi of the two species. The Agromyza Fallen genus was registered in Mexico for the first time, and L. marginalis was added to the nine records of the genus in the country.

Faunistical and ecological studies are lacking on dung beetles in the xerophytic scrublands at Villa de Cos, Zacatecas, of the Mexican Plateau Province. This study analyzed the effect of season and vegetation type on community structure. Pitfall traps baited with human dung were sampled at six sites on three dates (early rainy season, dog days, and late rainy season). In total, 4,040 beetles in 17 species were trapped. Vegetation type and sampling season affected average dung beetle abundance, species richness, and Simpson diversity index. Scrublands had more abundance and richness but least diversity than grasslands. Abundance diminished during dog days but richness increased during this season and the rains after it. Diversity had an inverse pattern with more during early rains than during the dog days or late rains. The community structure was determined by microhabitats for nesting provided by the combination of vegetation type and soil compaction. Telecoprids like Canthon humectus (Say) were dominant as predicted for Mexican arid zones; paracoprids were present in deeper soils and endocoprids in shallower soils. Abundance increased during periods of rainfall and diminished during dog days, which increased richness. This change because of vegetation and season could indicate a strategy to reduce interspecific competition by partial partitioning of the ecological niche. This was the first faunistical and ecological work and provided the first dung beetle records for the municipality.

La identificación precisa del complejo gallina ciega es complicada y no se cuenta con claves dicotómicas de las especies potencialmente nocivas, presentes en la zona de producción de caña de azúcar que permita una rápida identificación de éstas especies. Por lo que se propuso elaborar una clave dicotómica ilustrada de machos con los caracteres diagnósticos de las especies de Phyllophaga presentes en Morelos. Se realizaron colectas con trampas tipo embudo con luz blanca dentro del cultivo de caña de azúcar y capturas manuales en zonas aledañas, en el periodo marzo 2013 a julio 2015. La separación a subgéneros, grupos, y complejos de especies fue principalmente con base en las características de las mesotibias, uñas, cobertura setífera, y segmentos antenales, en tanto que la morfología de la genitalia permitió la separación de especies. De cada especie se realizó una lámina con las fotografías de los caracteres diagnósticos. Finalmente, se elaboró una clave dicotómica ilustrada para los machos del género Phyllophaga encontrados en la zona.

Para evaluar la riqueza, abundancia y distribución estacional de los coleópteros escarabaeoideos establecidos en los bosques tropicales de la Reserva de la Biosfera de Calakmul, Campeche, se realizaron colectas de junio de 2012 a diciembre de 2013. Se obtuvieron 1,212 ejemplares que representan a 37 géneros y 62 especies de Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae, Cetoniinae, Scarabaeinae, Ceratocanthinae, Trogidae, y Passalidae, 30 de las cuales se registran por primera vez para el estado de Campeche. Se encontraron cinco especies de Phyllophaga entre las que predominó Ph. pallidicornis. Las especies más abundantes fueron Canthon vazquezae (28.3%), C. cyanellus (17.1%), Phyllophaga pallidicornis (11.9%), Enema endymion (7.8%), Megasoma elephas (3.2%), y Gymnetis chevrolat (2.7%). La fenología de las 62 especies abarca casi todo el año, pero la mayor abundancia ocurre entre mayo y agosto. La fauna de Calakmul tiene mayor similitud con la de Tzucacab-Conkal, Yucatán (fito-saprófagos), y Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz (copro-necrófagos).

Se estudia e ilustra la estructura coriónica de cuatro especies de dos géneros de la subfamilia Coliadinae: Anteos y Rhabdodryas. Se reexamina la descripción de Anteos maerula y A. clorinde con nuevos materiales provenientes de México y Colombia. Por primera vez se inspecciona el relieve coriónico de A. menippe y su microrretícula, además de la de Rhabdodryas trite, que se pensaba ausente. Con el uso del microscopio electrónico de barrido (MEB) se efectuaron tomas fotográficas de cuatro regiones coriónicas (micropilar, perimicropilar o apical, ecuador y base) en las tres especies de Anteos; éstas se describen, ilustran, y comparan tabularmente. Las tomas en el MEB permiten analizar y resolver que la microrretícula es también una sección externa del exocorion (relieve): una matriz poligonal múltiple en cada unidad macrorreticular. Hasta ahora su presencia en los géneros estudiados, así como en Prestonia, Aphrissa, y Phoebis, permiten postularla como una sinapomorfía en el grupo llamado ‘Catopsilias americanas’. La microrretícula clara y distinguiblemente, como aquí se describe, solo se ha registrado en este clado de los Pieridae, Coliadinae. Los caracteres especializados en el corion registrados en A. menippe nos permiten sugerir que, el género Rhodocera para esta especie solo se trata de un sinónimo de Anteos.

Se complementa la descripción e ilustración relativamente detallada del corion en la subfamilia Biblidinae, al agregarse 11 especies distintas a las presentadas recientemente, en los géneros Hamadryas, Marpesia, Eunica, Catonephele, Myscelia, Asterope, Epiphile, Callicore, y Cyclogramma. Los ejemplares provienen de México y Colombia. El estudio se realizó a partir de una muestra de 35 hembras, de las cuales 15 tuvieron huevos maduros. Se caracterizaron los principales rasgos estructurales del corion: color, forma, tamaño y relieve: diferenciación perimicropilar y formación de ejes y costillas. Se hace una distinción de rasgos especializados en las zonas apical y ecuatorial, así como el grado de engrosamiento de los ejes. Se siguen los tipos de huevos reconocidos recientemente, así mismo la nomenclatura de las descripciones. Los resultados confirman los tipos de huevo y arquitectura propias de cada taxón supragenérico. Además, apoyan la propuesta de emplear al corion como carácter taxonómico, al encontrarse características singulares de cada género y especie. Cabe añadir que una vez más se sustenta la posibilidad de resurgir la subtribu Eunicina de Reuter, al escindir a Eunica de la subtribu Epicaliina. La similitud coriónica entre Cyclogramma y Diaethria apoya la propuesta de Lamas de considerar sinónimos a estos géneros.

Para la producción masiva del psílido asiático de los cítricos, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, y su parasitoide Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) en México se reúsan hasta siete ocasiones las plantas hospederas de Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack; situación ocasionada porque se requieren 9 meses para alcanzar su tamaño adecuado, pero después de ser usadas como hospederas, en uno a 3 meses vuelven a estar en condiciones de reusarse. Sin embargo, posiblemente, conforme aumenta su reúso se disminuye su productividad. Para determinar su número óptimo de utilizaciones, se compararon características físicas y biológicas de plantas con cero (listas para usarse por primera vez), dos, cuatro, seis, y ocho reúsos. De tres características físicas de la planta (grosor del tallo, altura, y longitud ecuatorial del follaje), solo el tallo se relacionó con las veces que se han reutilizado (r² = 0.8758). De cinco características biológicas medidas (brotes tiernos, oviposición, y ninfas de D. citri, adultos emergidos y proporción sexual de T. radiata), no se registró una disminución con relación a un mayor grado de reúso en brotes tiernos, huevos depositados por D. citri y proporción sexual de parasitoides pero las plantas reutilizadas ocho veces produjeron 72% menos ninfas y 70% menos parasitoides que las utilizadas cero, dos, cuatro, y seis veces; por lo que el intervalo óptimo de reúsos indica ser de cero-seis veces. Estos resultados ayudan a hacer una reutilización óptima de las plantas (ahorro en tiempo e insumos), pero sin que exista una pérdida en su calidad como hospederas.

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de identificar las especies de crisopas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) presentes en parcelas de sorgo infestadas con el pulgón del sorgo Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), en el norte de Sinaloa, México. De 424 individuos colectados se determinaron 416, obteniendo ocho especies: 1. Ceraeochrysa caligata (Banks), 2. Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen), 3. Ceraeochrysa sp. nr. cincta (Schneider), 4. Ceraeochrysa valida (Banks), 5. Chrysoperla carnea s. lat. (Stephens), 6. Chrysoperla externa (Hagen), 7. Chrysoperla comanche (Banks), y 8. Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister). Chrysoperla externa registró la mayor cantidad, seguida por C. carnea, y en tercer sitio de abundancia se ubicó C. cubana. Las crisopas cargabasura C. caligata, C. cubana, y C. sp. nr. cincta, son registradas por primera ocasión para Sinaloa. Por su abundancia y frecuente presencia en colonias de M. sacchari, se sugiere la cría masiva de C. cubana para su eventual uso en el control biológico de la plaga.

Para identificar las especies de hemípteros que inciden en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria × ananassa) (Weston) Duchesne (Rosaceae) producida en campo y en macrotúnel, en tres localidades de Irapuato, Guanajuato, México y la influencia de las condiciones ambientales sobre la fluctuación de sus poblaciones, se cuantificó el número de ninfas y adultos mediante capturas semanales, de octubre de 2010 a diciembre de 2011, registrando además la temperatura y la humedad relativa. En total se recolectaron 9,822 especímenes de tres especies identificadas, de los cuales, 9% fueron de Lygus lineolaris Hahn, 1833; 22% de Neopamera bilobata (Say, 1832), y 69% de Nysius raphanus Howard, 1872, constituyendo estas últimas dos especies, el primer registro en fresa para México. De acuerdo con los coeficientes de correlación de Spearman, se concluyó que la humedad relativa tuvo mayor influencia que la temperatura sobre la densidad de chinches, ya que las ninfas de N. raphanus disminuyeron a medida que la humedad relativa aumentó en los dos sistemas de producción (r = -0.5472), similarmente los adultos de L. lineolaris se redujeron cuando la humedad relativa fue en ascenso en cielo abierto (r = -0.6712), en macrotúnel los adultos y ninfas de N. bilobata y la humedad relativa se incrementaron conjuntamente (r = 0.5814), ocurriendo lo mismo con las ninfas de esta última especie pero con la temperatura (r = 0.5304). Finalmente, la prueba de medidas repetidas indicó que los promedios de las poblaciones de ninfas y adultos de las tres especies fueron superiores en cielo abierto que en macrotúnel, con la excepción de las ninfas de N. raphanus cuyo promedio fue estadísticamente diferente y casi del doble en macrotúnel que en cielo abierto.

El Tejocote (Crataegus spp.) es un árbol originario de México, de alto valor alimenticio ya que su fruta tiene un alto contenido de pectina que se consume en México y los EUA durante las celebraciones culturales y religiosas de fin de año. Una de sus principales plagas es la mosca de la fruta Rhagoletis pomonella, comúnmente conocida como mosca de la manzana, que puede infectar hasta 100% de sus frutos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de dos trampas con cuatro colores y dos atrayentes alimenticios para el monitoreo de la mosca de la fruta en plantaciones de Tejocote. Trampas pegajosas en forma de esfera y panel de color: amarillo, naranja, blanco y rojo, cebadas unas con Winner 360® y otras con GF-120® fueron evaluadas en tres plantaciones de Tejocote. Los datos de capturas fueron sometidos a un análisis multifactorial de varianza y a una separación de medias de Tukey para determinar que combinación de trampa es mejor para capturar adultos de R. pomonella. La mejor trampa para capturas de R. pomonella en Tejocote en el centro de México con fines de monitoreo, fue la tipo panel de color amarillo con atrayente proteína hidrolizada Winner 360® o GF-120®, con más capturas que las demás combinaciones.

Se estudió la supervivencia y esperanza de vida de Tetranychus urticae y Phytoseiulus persimilis, en cuatro variedades de rosal bajo condiciones de invernadero. Se observaron diferencias en el número de hembras de T. urticae por variedad. La curva de supervivencia de la población de T. urticae sobre las variedades Royal y Red Baiser fue de tipo I y sobre las variedades Selena y Anastasia coincide de tipo II, y entre estas curvas se encontraron diferencias significativas, dependiendo de la variedad de rosal la esperanza media de vida de T. urticae fue diferente, así como para P. persimilis. Phytoseiulus persimilis fue más eficiente sobre las variedades Selena y Anastasia, reduciendo la población de hembras adultas de T. urticae en 7 semanas.

Las variables morfométricas son útiles para describir las características de los milpiés. En la especie Eurhinocricus fissus el diámetro, el largo total del cuerpo, y el número de segmentos y pares de patas son desconocidos. Revisamos una muestra de 24 machos y 32 hembras de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México, y registramos estas variables. Los datos morfométricos de los individuos fueron sometidos a la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. No se obtuvieron diferencias significativas para el largo del cuerpo y el número de segmentos entre machos y hembras. Las diferencias fueron significativas para el diámetro del cuerpo y el número de pares de patas entre machos y hembras: las hembras tuvieron un diámetro del cuerpo más grande y un número de pares de patas mayor que los machos. En E. fissus el largo y diámetro del cuerpo tiene un rango entre 21.47 a 51.43 mm y 2.20 a 4.45 mm, respectivamente; el número de segmentos de 39 a 44 y el número de pares de patas de 69 a 81.