Historical records of five genera and 11 species of ticks were reported on domestic goats in the United States in literature published before 1951. In a field-based collection from random goats and pastures in eastern Oklahoma, we collected three species and three life stages of ticks. Ticks were collected throughout the year from domestic goats even when they were not collected in pastures.

Stop the Bites® botanical pesticide was evaluated for repellent properties against white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), at feeders with supplemental corn, Zea mays L., in Cameron County, Texas. The pesticide was tested as a ground treatment around feeders and as spray applied directly to deer as they consumed corn at supplemental feeders. With either treatment, there was no significant difference in numbers of white-tailed deer at the feeders compared to the paired nontreated check. The botanical pesticide may be useful for treatment of cattle fever ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini) and Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say)) on deer at supplemental corn feeders during the hunting season when ivermectin-treated corn is withdrawn, or for treatment using a remotely operated sprayer at fence crossings for tick-infested nilgai, Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas).

Biological control based on entomopathogenic fungi is a promising option for controlling ticks on livestock. The objective of this study was to evaluate acaricidal effect of M. anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Ma14 strain) against R. microplus (Canestrini, 1887) on cattle. Thirty heifers naturally infested with R. microplus were divided into three groups of 10 each. One group was sprayed with Ma14 strain at a concentration of 10⁸ conidia/ml and 0.1% Tween 80, the second was sprayed with M. anisopliae Ma34 strain at the same concentration and considered a positive check. The third group remained a nontreated check. Efficacy of Ma14 was 38.3 to 51.3% from the fourth application to the end of the experiment. The Ma14 strain had considerable efficacy against naturally infesting ticks, which makes it a candidate for use in integrated tick management.

The objective of this study was to assess interactions between mixtures of a strain and two native isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin on yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.). Twenty-five third-instar larvae were put into 200-ml plastic containers with 135 ml of sterile double-distilled water and 15 ml of inoculum of each fungus (HIB-11, HIB-12, Ma) tested alone and in combination (HIB-11 + Ma, HIB-12 + Ma). Sterile double-distilled water (135 ml) and 7.5 ml of inoculum of each fungi in the combined treatment had 15 ml of inoculum per each dual treatment. Interaction between the isolates and M. anisopliae strain was additive, which was not observed in the lowest concentration because of an antagonistic effect at that level.

Aedes aegypti was exposed to entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Groups of females were confined with males contaminated with M. anisopliae. After oviposition, eggs were incubated and larvae were fed until pupation; wing length was measured in the F₁ generation.The median LT₅₀ was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier model, with adult F₁ mosquitoes and their mothers surviving 9 days.Thirty-two percent of the treated females laid 205 eggs; of them, 41% emerged as miniaturized, noninfected adults.

Aedes aegypti fue expuesto a los hongos entomopatógenos Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae. Se confinaron grupos de hembras con machos contaminados con M. anisopliae. Tras la oviposición, se incubaron las nubes de huevos y se alimentó a las larvas hasta la pupación; se midió la longitud del ala en F₁. La mediana de la DL₅₀ se calculó mediante el modelo de Kaplan-Meier. Los mosquitos adultos F₁ y sus madres tenían la misma tasa de supervivencia (DL₅₀ = 9 días). El 32% de las hembras tratadas pusieron 205 huevos; de éstos, el 41% emergieron como adultos miniaturizados y no infectados.

Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of several arboviruses of public health importance worldwide. Resistance to insecticides led to increasing interest in exploring eco-friendly alternatives such as plant extracts used as bioinsecticides. This study describes laboratory research using neem-based varnish against adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Five concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15% v/v) of neem-based varnish were evaluated against male and female Ae. aegypti by 2 hours of direct exposure. The life span of exposed Ae. aegypti mosquitoes was significantly less. LT₅₀ ranged from 1.98-2.65 and 3.2-6.06 days for males and females, respectively, exposed to 1 to 15% concentrations of neem-based varnish. LT₅₀ of nonexposed male and female mosquitoes were 16.20-19.60 days, respectively. The results indicated that neem-based varnish was very toxic to Ae. aegyipti mosquitoes. This botanical insecticide can be an alternative for biological control of mosquitoes.

Leaf-cutter ants of the genus Atta are pests controlled by broad-spectrum insecticides that adversely affect the environment and human health. Toxicity of 20 concentrations of chemical imidacloprid + λ-cyhalothrin and biological insecticides azadirachtin and spinetoram were evaluated on workers of A. mexicana and A. cephalotes ants. Initial evaluation determined optimal concentrations to kill 10-90%. Mean lethal concentrations of imidacloprid and azadirachtin were determined, and mean lethal times were through 3 × 10^-1 µl/liter concentration of each insecticide. Azadirachtin and imidacloprid + λ-cyhalothrin at 3 × 10^-1 µl/liter concentration killed 100% of both species. LC₅₀ values of imidacloprid + λ-cyhalothrin and azadirachtin were similar against both species. But, the TL₅₀ of imidacloprid + λ-cyhalothrin was less (28-29 hours) in both species compared to the TL₅₀ by azadirachtin that was 36 to 41 hours. Insecticide based on extracts of neem (azadirachtin) was as toxic as imidacloprid + λ-cyhalothrin against A. mexicana and A. cephalotes worker ants. Azadirachtin is an environmentally friendly alternative to manage the two ant species, and probably other species of Atta and other ant pests.

Data from the 2020 USDA chemical use survey for onions, Allium cepa L., were combined with survey data collected at industry meetings to estimate expenditure for commonly applied active ingredients used to manage insect pests of dry bulb onions produced in the Pacific Northwest states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The portion of insecticide expenditure used to manage thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman), was also estimated. Total expenditure to manage insect pests was estimated to be 13.8 million US dollars. Approximately 82% of total insecticide expenditure, 11.4 million US dollars, was used to manage thrips.

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), now is arguably the most important global insect pest of maize, Zea mays L., in the world. Maize growers in the Americas have battled the pest for centuries, and control recommendations have been adapted for Africa and Asia, based on contrasting results of the impact on yield when the pest infests young maize plants. Important control decision-making tools such as action thresholds, or economic thresholds, are not completely developed to control fall armyworms, and insecticide applications are still recommended at low levels of infestation on young plants. To further assess the damage-yield relationship for fall armyworm, we manually removed 0, 33, and 66% of foliage when maize had 1-2 (V1-V2), and 3-4 (V3-V4) fully developed leaves. The amount of defoliation did not reduce maize yield potential when compared with nondefoliated plants, regardless of the defoliation timing: V1-V2 or V3-V4. Fertilizing defoliated plants significantly yielded more grain than non-fertilized plants, and these obvious results showed that smallholder maize growers that can afford investing in either fertilizer or insecticide will benefit more from the former. Our results add to the number of reports that indicate young maize plants can compensate for large amounts of defoliation without reducing yields.

El cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), es indudablemente la plaga más importante de este cultivo a nivel mundial. Los maiceros del continente americano han batallado con esta plaga por décadas, y sus recomendaciones de control se han adaptado para África y Asia, basadas en resultados contrastantes sobre el impacto en la producción cuando esta plaga infesta plantas en etapas tempranas. Importantes mecanismos para tomar la decisión de control como el umbral de daño no están completamente desarrollados, y la aplicación de insecticidas aún se recomienda para niveles bajos de infestación en plantas jóvenes. En este estudio, se removió manualmente 0, 33, y 66% del follaje cuando las plantas tenían 1-2 (V1-V2) o 3-4 (V3-V4) hojas completamente desarrolladas. Estas tazas de defoliación no redujeron el rendimiento de maíz cuando se compararon con las plantas que no se defoliaron, independientemente del tiempo de defoliación V1-V2 o V3-V4. Plantas defoliadas y fertilizadas produjeron significativamente más grano que las plantas no fertilizadas. Nuestros resultados aumentan el número de reportes que indican que las plantas de maíz en ≤V4 tienen la capacidad de compensar altos niveles de defoliación sin reducir sus rendimientos.

Triatoma dimidiata is the main vector of Chagas disease in Central and South America. We report for the first time, the wasp Telenomus fariai parasitizing eggs of T. dimidiata at Yucatan, Mexico. Specimens of different life stages of T. dimidiata were collected in January and February 2020 in fields at Tekik de Regil. In total, 135 eggs of T. dimidiata were collected of which 25 were parasitized. Parasitoids that emerged were identified as Telenomus fariai (41 ♀ and 7 ♂).

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an exotic agricultural pest that feeds on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in the United States and Mexico. As with most invasive pests, it was introduced without its natural enemies. Coccinellids, commonly found in agricultural systems, are generalist predators of aphids. The lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata (Degeer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeds on M. sacchari and might be a potential agent for biological control in sorghum fields. In this study, we quantified the development and growth of C. maculata on an ad libitum diet of either M. sacchari or pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Daily measurements of larvae, developmental time for each life stage, and size (length and width) of adults were recorded. Coleomegilla maculata completed its life cycle on a diet of M. sacchari. However, C. maculata development on a diet of M. sacchari was 12.5% longer than on A. pisum. Coleomegilla maculata also was approximately 10% smaller when fed M. sacchari. Although C. maculata can complete development on a diet of M. sacchari, it might not be the ideal diet for this predatory lady beetle. Further research is needed to evaluate diet preference in the field and effects of diet on reproduction of C. maculata.

The oblique banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a phytophage causing significant economic impact to apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill) trees and having some natural enemies in the Chihuahua region. The aim of the research was to collect larvae and pupae of C. rosaceana from apple orchards at Chihuahua, Mexico, and identify associated parasitoids. We collected 54 specimens of parasitoids identified to five species: Pimpla sanguinipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Bracon rosaceani Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Brachymeria ovata Say (Hymenoptera: Chalcidae), Eumea caesar (Aldrich) (Diptera: Tachinidae), and Actia diffidens Curran (Diptera: Tachinidae). The species are here reported for the first time as parasitoids associated with C. rosaceana in apple trees in Mexico. All are considered potential biological control agents for sustainable management of the phytophage.

Plant communities change during the process of converting bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) pasture monocultures to diverse native grasslands. Our hypothesis was that suppression of bermudagrass and grazing of seeded post-native grassland affected composition of arthropod communities in small plots. Our objectives were to use sweep nets and pitfall traps to collect insects and study their diversity and abundance as affected by four bermudagrass suppression methods and two post-management grazing regimes during 2 years following treatment applications at a Cross Timbers Ecoregion site in northcentral Texas. The first year after suppression of bermudagrass, plant diversity was greatest in plots treated with glyphosate, effectively removing exotic grass and allowing establishment of diverse native vegetation. This resulted in greater insect diversity but less abundance compared to treatments in which bermudagrass was not effectively removed. In plots where residual imazapyr prevented establishment of native seedlings, insect diversity and abundance were less. Short-duration, intensive grazing by cattle increased insect diversity 18% the first year. The second year after suppression of bermudagrass, treatments affected insect abundance only when grazing had not occurred. As in the first year, insects were more abundant in check plots dominated by bermudagrass; however, abundance in imazapyr-treated plots was comparable to glyphosate-treated plots because the residual effects of imazapyr were less after 20 months and weeds volunteered in those plots and attracted canopy-dwelling insects. Results support the use of glyphosate to remove bermudagrass if greater arthropod diversity is desired. Results also indicated that short-term grazing post-seeding promoted greater plant and subsequent insect diversity, but only during establishment of native grassland species.

The role of microbial decay and subterranean termites (Blattodea: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in loss of litter mass was evaluated on the Joseph H. Williams Tallgrass Prairie Preserve (TGPP) of The Nature Conservancy in northeastern Oklahoma. Four field sites, each consisting of four blocks of land with each block sub-divided into two plots were established. Using in-ground baiting systems, termites were eliminated from one plot in each block. Galvanized steel mesh bags containing grass litter were placed on both the soil surface and buried 15 cm deep in plots containing foraging termites (not baited), and in plots without termites (baited) and evaluated for loss of litter mass after 12 months. Loss of litter mass from soil-surface bags in termite-infested, non-baited plots was 22.3%, while loss from soil-surface bags in termite-free baited plots was 25.0%. Loss of litter mass from buried bags in termite non-baited plots was 35.5%, while loss from buried bags in termite-free baited plots was 35.7%. There were no significant differences in loss of litter mass in non-baited versus baited plots, but loss of mass from buried bags was significantly greater than that from soil surface bags.

The eriophyid mite, Phyllocoptes fructiphilus (Acari: Eriophyidae), is a vector of Rose rosette virus that causes Rose rosette disease to rose (Rosa spp.). Because Rose rosette disease is widely reported from the continental U.S., it is unclear how early in the growing season P. fructiphilus could increase in abundance and whether they could spread to warmer regions of the world, such as Mexico and Central American countries. Thus, the major objective of the study was to determine the effect of temperature on abundance of P. fructiphilus. An experiment was done in environmental control chambers where potted rose plants were maintained at 15.6, 21.1, 26.7, and 32.2°C after infesting with ∼40 P. fructiphilus by attaching two 15-cm-long, field-collected rose terminals to the branches of potted plants. Numbers of P. fructiphilus were recorded at 7 and 28 days. The number of P. fructiphilus individuals was not significantly different among the temperatures at 7 days after initiation of the study. At 28 days, the number of P. fructiphilus individuals was significantly greater (P < 0.05) at 32.2°C than at 15.6 or 21.1°C. Implications of the results for management of P. fructiphilus were discussed.

Patterns of description of new species of beetles from Mexico between 2000-2020 were analyzed. We based our study on the Zoological Record of Web of Science^™. We found 1,867 species in 61 families described in 759 papers published in scientific journals from all over the world. Scarabaeidae is the family with the most species described (352) in the last two decades, followed by Staphylinidae (198), Curculionidae (196), Cleridae (176), and Cerambycidae (175). Most species of Mexican beetle were described in Zootaxa, Coleopterists Bulletin, Insecta Mundi, Dugesiana, and Zookeys. We also provided comments on issues to consider when Zoological Record is used for analysis such as in this study.

With the objective of updating knowledge of the family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Mexico, material in the entomological collection at the Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias (FIC) of the Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas was studied. We recorded 123 species in 41 genera, 10 tribes, and subfamilies Coccinellinae and Microweinae in Coccinellidae. Paraneda pomacea (Weise), Mysia interrupta (Casey), Hyperaspis punctata LeConte, Nephaspis dorado Gordon, Decadiomus pictus Chapin, Diomus agatha Gordon, D. gervace Gordon, D. nereus Gordon, D. placid Gordon, D. sixtus Gordon, D. tenuis Gordon, D. texanus Gordon, D. agnes Gordon, D. athanasius Gordon, D. joachin Gordon, D. melchiades Gordon, Pentilia muriel Gordon and González and Cyrea laurie Canepari and Gordon were recorded for the first time in Mexico. New combinations were Neoharmonia marginalis (Mulsant) comb. nov., Paraneda pomacea (Weise) comb. nov., P. viridescens Timberlake, and Diomus gorhami (Weise) comb. nov.

Con el objetivo de actualizar el conocimiento de la familia Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) en México se revisó la colección entomológica depositada en la Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias (FIC) de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Se registraron 123 especies, pertenecientes a 41 géneros y 10 tribus; las dos subfamilias de Coccinellidae, Coccinellinae, y Microweiseinae, estuvieron representadas. Se registran por vez primera en México las especies Paraneda pomacea (Weise), Mysia interrupta (Casey), Nephaspis dorado Gordon, Decadiomus pictus Chapin, Diomus agatha Gordon, D. gervace Gordon, D. nereus Gordon, D. placid Gordon, D. sixtus Gordon, D. tenuis Gordon, D. texanus Gordon, D. agnes Gordon, D. athanasius Gordon, D. joachin Gordon, D. melchiades Gordon, y Cyrea laurie Canepari y Gordon. Las nuevas combinaciones incluyen Neoharmonia marginalis (Mulsant) comb. nov., Paraneda pomacea (Weise) comb. nov., P. viridescens Timberlake y Diomus gorhami (Weise) comb. nov.

Galerucinae Latreille 1802, with an estimated 14,500 species, is the most abundant and diverse subfamily of Chrysomelidae in the world. Six percent of the species have been recorded from Mexico. In this study, 19 species were reported for the first time in the country: six from the State of Sonora; four from Chiapas; three from Veracruz; two each from Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Nayarit, and Tamaulipas; and one each from Campeche, Guerrero, Querétaro, and San Luis Potosí. The new records increase by 2.15% the number of galerucine species to a total of 903 for the Republic of Mexico. Luperodes impressicollis Jacoby 1888 was transferred to the genus Eusattodera Schaeffer 1906, NEW COMBINATION.

The State of Guerrero is characterized by various agroecological niches in which different agave species are produced naturally for production of mezcal. Currently, mezcal agaves have become economically important to farmers who produce them. Agave production is affected by problems such as pests and diseases that reduce production of pineapples of Agave angustifolia Haw. and decrease the quality of mezcal. At Guerrero, agave plots at Municipallity of Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Teloloapan, Tixtla de Guerrero, and Zitlala; and at Puebla, Municipality of Acatlán de Osorio, and Xayacatlán de Bravo were visited six times to monitor and capture agave weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal. Specimens of agave weevil were preserved in 70% alcohol and kept in a Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology of the FCAA-UAGro, for identification. S. acupunctatus damaged the agave bud to mate, feed, and initiate colonization of the plant. When necrosis occurred in the bud and pineapple, the plant stopped growing and began to die. A. angustifolia plants with withered leaves were infested by S. acupunctatus.

Bruggmanniella perseae is a 5-m-long yellow Cecidomyiidae that causes deformation of immature fruit and abortion and premature fruit drop of avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Damage was reported on ‘Haas’ avocado at Michoacán, Mexico. This is the first report of its presence and damage and associated parasitoids in a commercial plantation of ‘Méndez’ avocado at Coatepec Harinas, State of Mexico. Producers in the region should use appropriate management tactics to mitigate damage by the pest, because as much as 90% damage was recorded in the study area.

Bruggmanniella perseae es un Cecidomyiidae de color amarillo de 5 mm de longitud, que causa deformación en frutos inmaduros, aborto y caída prematura de frutos de Persea americana. En México, se han reportado daños en aguacate var. ‘Haas’ en Michoacán. En el presente trabajo se reporta por primera vez su presencia y daños en una plantación comercial de aguacate ‘Méndez’ en Coatepec Harinas, Estado de México, así como sus parasitoides asociados. Es importante que los productores de la región apliquen tácticas de manejo adecuadas para mitigar el daño que produce esta plaga, ya que se registró hasta un 90% de daño en el área de estudio.

Se evaluó la abundancia y riqueza de adultos de la familia Chrysomelidae, asociados a arvenses y ruderales en Chihuahua, Coahuila, y Durango, estados que forman parte del Desierto Chihuahuense Mexicano. Se recolectaron 794 adultos pertenecientes a seis subfamilias, nueve tribus, 36 géneros, y 59 especies. La subfamilia con mayor riqueza y abundancia fue Galerucinae con 24 especies y 570 individuos (71.7%). La especie más abundante fue Diabrotica balteata (LeConte 1865) con 157 individuos, seguida de Colaspis hesperia (Blake 1974) con 91 individuos. La dominancia de las comunidades no varió de manera significativa entre los sitios estudiados. Se resalta la importancia de la vegetación arvense y ruderal como sitios que mantienen niveles importantes de riqueza de especies en ambientes áridos.

The abundance and richness of adults of the Chrysomelidae family, associated with weeds and ruderal vegetation in Chihuahua, Durango, and Coahuila, states part of the Mexican Chihuahuan Desert, were studied. Adults (794) belonging to six subfamilies, nine tribes, 36 genera, and 59 species were collected. The subfamily with the greatest richness and abundance was Galerucinae with 24 species and 570 individuals (71.7%). The most abundant species was Diabrotica balteata (LeConte 1865) with 157 individuals, followed by Colaspis hesperia (Blake 1974) with 91 individuals. The dominance of the communities did not significantly vary between the studied sites. The importance of weedy and ruderal vegetation is highlighted as sites that maintain important levels of species richness in arid environments.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto en conjunto de Chrysoperla externa, Scymnus loewii, y Lisiphlebus testaceipes, sobre la población de Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) en sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) en invernadero. Se realizaron dos evaluaciones en plantas de sorgo que fueron infestadas con M. sacchari. La densidad poblacional inició con 20 pulgones por planta y aumentó exponencialmente hasta 20,450 ± 8,840 y 41,800 ± 18,584 en los tratamientos con y sin liberación de enemigos naturales en el primer ensayo. El segundo ensayo mostró resultados relativamente similares, con 11,205 ± 5,079 y 35,760 ± 15,638 pulgones.

The joint effect of Chrysoperla externa, Scymnus loewii, and Lisiphlebus testaceipes on abundance of Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) was evaluated on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in a greenhouse. Sorghum plants initially were infested with 20 aphids per plant and increased exponentially in the first experiment to 20,450 ± 8,840 and 41,800 ± 18,584 aphids in treatments with and without release of natural enemies. The second experiment showed relatively similar results, with 11,205 ± 5,079 and 35,760 ± 15,638 aphids per sorghum plant.

Las garrapatas se encuentran en México y son un vector biológico de enfermedades hemoparasitarias del ganado bovino. Se recolectaron garrapatas Dermacentor albipictus (Packard, 1869) en equinos, de Tapalpa, Jalisco, una zona de clima templado con presencia de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Ixodida, Ixodidae) y reportes de anaplasmosis bovina; con la finalidad de reconocer las características morfológicas que las distinguen, así como analizar su ciclo de vida. Las características morfológicas de garrapatas repletas y semi-repletas se determinaron usando un microscopio estereoscópico. Se registraron los periodos de incubación (15 días) y oviposición (26.2 días en promedio) en condiciones de laboratorio, así como el índice de eficiencia de conversión. Este es el primer reporte de las características de oviposición y eclosión in vitro de la garrapata D. albipictus en México. Este estudio sienta el precedente para analizar la participación de esta especie de garrapatas en el mantenimiento y distribución de la anaplasmosis bovina, así como de otras enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas en equinos en México.

Ticks are present in Mexico and a vector of hemoparasitic diseases of cattle. Dermacentor albipictus (Packard, 1869) ticks were collected from equines in Tapalpa, Jalisco, a temperate climate zone with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Ixodida, Ixodidae) and reports of bovine anaplasmosis. Ticks were collected to recognize morphological characteristics that distinguish them and to analyze their life cycle. The morphological characteristics of engorged and semi-engorged ticks were determined using a stereo-microscope. Incubation (15 days) and oviposition (26.2 days average) periods in laboratory conditions were recorded, as well as the conversion efficiency index. This is the first report of oviposition and hatching characteristics in vitro of D. albipictus in Mexico. This study sets a precedent to analyze participation of this tick species in maintenance and distribution of bovine anaplasmosis and other tick-borne diseases in equines in Mexico.

Se describe una técnica nueva de rehidratación abdominal, con base en hidróxido de amonio y bicarbonato de sodio, presentando las variaciones resultantes de diferentes tiempos de rehidratación. Además, se comparan seis aspectos de esta técnica y de aquellas con base en proteinasa K, hidróxido de potasio y agua destilada. Esta técnica de rehidratación puede ser de gran valor, pues muestra resultados similares a los registrados en material fresco; esto supera a los obtenidos con otras técnicas previamente estudiadas. El refinamiento de estos procedimientos con la adición de otras propuestas, a partir de las ciencias forenses, podrían mejorar la recuperación del corion en hembras de Lepidoptera que proceden de colecciones. Además, esto permitiría elegir una técnica de acuerdo con las ventajas y desventajas en la condición de los especímenes: tamaño, volumen, y tipo de huevo.

We describe a new abdominal rehydration technique based on ammonium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate. We present the variations resulting from different rehydration times. Also, we compared six aspects of this technique and those based on proteinase K, potassium hydroxide, and distilled water. This rehydration technique can be of great value since it shows similar results to those recorded in fresh material. These surpass those obtained with other previously studied methods. The refinement of these procedures with the addition of further proposals —from the forensic sciences— could improve the recovery of the chorion in females of Lepidoptera from collections. The last would allow choosing a technique according to the advantages and disadvantages, depending on the specimens' condition: size, volume, and type of egg.

La avispa Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim es una plaga invasora que se registró su presencia a inicios del 2017 en México. Para conocer su distribución geográfica actual se muestrearon hojas y peciolos de árboles de Erythrina variegata L. en lugares urbanizados y en campo de algunos municipios de la Cuenca del Papaloapan. En total fueron 84 árboles con presencia de daños, 85% de éstos en Veracruz y 15% en Oaxaca. Este árbol en la región es usado como ornamental. Para el estado de Veracruz, en Otatitlán y en Oaxaca en la cabecera municipal de Loma Bonita fueron las localidades con la mayor cantidad de árboles infestados. La importancia de conocer la distribución de Q. erythrinae ayudará a realizar y establecer medidas de protección sobre las especies de Erythrina spp. las cuales son consideradas susceptibles y vulnerables a los daños ocasionados por este insecto.

Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim is an invasive wasp pest that was registered at the beginning of 2017 in Mexico. To document its current geographical distribution, leaves and petioles of Erythrina variegata L. trees were sampled in urbanized places and in the field of some municipalities of the Papaloapan Basin. In total, 84 trees with presence of damage, of which 85% were sampled in Veracruz and 15% in Oaxaca, planted in the regions as ornamental trees. The importance of knowing the distribution of Q. erythrinae would help to carry out and establish protection measures on the species of Erythrina spp, which are considered susceptible and vulnerable to damage caused by this insect.

The arboreal ant Azteca instabilis (F. Smith 1862) was found in flowers of the epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia baileyi (Rose ex Small) at a tropical dry forest. This is the first report of A. instabilis at Tamaulipas, expanding its distribution in the northern neotropics. The knowledge is important for further establishment of conservation strategies for ants and epiphytes.

Coleopterans Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, Harmonia axyridis Pallas, Olla v-nigrum Mulsant, Chilocorus cacti L., Chilocorus stigma Say, Cycloneda sanguinea L., Coleomegilla maculate De Geer, and Curinus coeruleus Mulsant were found preying on Diaphorina citri Kuwayama in Nuevo Leon State. C. coeruleus has been reported only in Florida, USA, and at Veracruz, Mexico. This is the first report of the predator at Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Se revisó material entomológico depositado en la colección de insectos del Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, donde fueron encontrados cuatro ejemplares de moscas de la familia Syringogastridae (Syringogaster brunnea Cresson), que constituye el primer registro de esta familia para México.

Entomological material deposited in the insect collection of the Campus Montecillo Postgraduate College was reviewed, and four specimens of flies of the family Syringogastridae (Syringogaster brunnea Cresson) were found, which constitutes the first record of this family for Mexico.