Evolutionary relationships within the wintergreen group (Gaultheria, Pernettya, Diplycosia, and Tepuia) are poorly understood and little studied. This study analyzes molecular data (matK, nrITS, and atpB-rbcL spacer) from 34 representatives of the wintergreen group and 19 outgroups in order to determine the phylogenetic position of the wintergreen group within the “Andromedeae” and examine phylogenetic relationships among taxa currently placed in Gaultheria, Pernettya, and Diplycosia. Results show that the wintergreen group is monophyletic and is sister to a clade that contains Chamadaphne and Eubotrys. Gaultheria is likely paraphyletic, with both Pernettya and Diplycosia derived from within it. Pernettya, as sampled, is not monophyletic, P. tasmanica does not form a clade with other species of Pernettya. Diplycosia is monophyletic and sister to G. cumingiana. Although the matK analysis suggests that Tepuia may be sister to the clade containing Gaultheria, Pernettya, and Diplycosia, bootstrap support for this relationship is low and the position of Tepuia is unresolved in the combined analysis. Increased taxon sampling, especially in South East Asia, and more variable DNA regions are recommended for future phylogenetic studies in the wintergreen group.

Communicating Editor: Matt Lavin