Two new species of Peperomia from Brazil are described and illustrated based on morphological traits: Peperomia diamantinensis from the state of Bahia and Peperomia cruzeirensis from the state of Acre. Peperomia diamantinensis is very similar to Peperomia obtusifolia and Peperomia magnoliifolia, differing from the latter in the acute leaf apex and the short internodes. Peperomia cruzeirensis is similar to Peperomia elongata Kunth, but differs from the latter in the short pedicel of the fruits, and the petiole without two rows of trichomes. Discussions on taxonomy, geographic distribution, conservation status and habitat are provided, as well as identification keys to the Brazilian species of the Oxyrhynchum and Leptorhynchum clades.