This taxonomic treatment is the first in the genus Calycera based on a detailed study of morphology and a critical analysis of species boundaries. In this revision, nine species and four varieties are recognized, one new combination (C. crassifolia var. spinulosa), nine new synonymies (Anomocarpus axillaris, Boopis integrifolia, Calycera boopidea, C. crenata, C. foliosa, C. intermedia, C. pulvinata f. cauligera, C. squarrosa, and Gymnocaulus viridiflorus), six new lectotypifications (for Anomocarpus, Boopis gracilis, Calycera crenata, C. pulvinata f. cauligera, C. sessiliflora, and C. sympaganthera), and one neotypification (for Calycera involucrata) are established. Updated morphological descriptions (including an emended description of C. herbacea var. sinuata) and geographical distributions are included for each species. Analyses of their life forms and inflorescence, flower, and fruit morphology are presented.