Microlicia stenodonoides is herein described and illustrated. It is distinguished from other Microlicia species by its remarkable dwarf arboreal habit, main stem 5–10 cm in diameter with leaf scars, leaves up to 4.5 cm long, grouped in the apex of terminal branches, and large flowers (up to 4 cm in diameter). The set of characters presented by M. stenodonoides is similar to that of species of the genus Stenodon. However, it is ascribed to the genus Microlicia especially due to stems without thickened cortex, 4–6-merous flowers with conspicuously dimorphic stamens, and visible ventral appendages. Comments on ecology, distribution, conservation status, period of flowering and fruiting of the new species are provided. Additionally, images and a key for the identification of species of Microlicia that occur in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park are presented.