Microlicia longirostrata (Melastomataceae), a new species from Goiás, is described and illustrated, and a discussion on leaf anatomy is also provided. The new species resembles M. consimilis and M. psammophila, but differs from them in having an indumentum with both short-stalked, spherical, glandular trichomes and long-stalked, glandular emergences, polysporangiate anthers and antesepalous stamens with a very long beak (2–2.5 mm long), and annular collenchyma on the adaxial region of the midrib.