Reinterpreting the morphology of two taxa proposed by Victoria C. Hollowell in the 1980s and not formally published, we describe here three new species of Eremitis, a Neotropical genus of herbaceous bamboos (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae), which is endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Two of them, Eremitis grandiflora and E. paucifolia, are endemic to Espírito Santo state. Eremitis victoriae occurs in southern Espírito Santo and has also been documented for southern Bahia. Eremitis grandiflora is similar to the smallest species of the genus, but can be differentiated by its decumbent culms with scale-like leaf blades and its longer gynecandrous whorls. Eremitis paucifolia is characterized by its leafy culms with a reduced number of leaves [5–6(–7)] compared to other species of the genus. Eremitis victoriae is distinguished from the congeneric species mainly by its abaxially glaucous leaf blades. Here, we provide an identification key to all described species of Eremitis that occur in Espírito Santo, as well as a map with their geographical distribution. All three new species are illustrated with both line drawings and photographic images, and an informal assessment of their conservation status is presented.