Detailed examination of the protologue, herbarium, and live specimens of Ephedra kardangensis revealed that this species actually corresponds to E. gerardiana. Therefore, we report here E. kardangensis as a new synonym of E. gerardiana. Discrepancies in the description, diagnosis, and type specimen of E. kardangensis are discussed. Morphometric and molecular analyses also supported synonymy of the species. We provide a detailed description, photographic illustrations of vegetative (habit, stem, and leaves), and reproductive characters (male and female strobili, seed bearing strobili, seed, and pollen) of E. gerardiana for the ease of proper identification.