The loss of biodiversity is a global and local problem and challenge. The problem is solvable only with changed behavior, which can be achieved through education. In the literature, there are no criteria for achieving biodiversity literacy despite internationally binding documents, such as the United Nations' Agenda 21 and Convention on Biological Diversity, which contain suggestions for biodiversity education. Remoteness from nature is having important consequences for children's overall well-being and development. They directly impact cognitive development and creativity. The nature deficit disorder and the thesis that the more high tech we become the more nature we need serve as a guide that reminds us of the importance of nature to child development. Eco-mindfulness can reduce nature deficit disorders. The use of these theoretical findings increases the positive attitude toward nature and at the same time toward biodiversity on a practical level. On a theoretical basis, we present the foundations of biodiversity literacy.