We investigated fruit set, seed set, and germination requirements of shrubby reed-mustard (Hesperidanthus suffrutescens), an endangered endemic shrub in the Uinta Basin of eastern Utah, U.S.A. To determine the degree of self-compatibility, 120 plants received four pollination treatments each for 2 y. Treatments included autogamy, geitonogamy, xenogamy, and an open control. Autogamy and geitonogamy produced substantially and significantly fewer fruits, seeds, and seeds per fruit than xenogamy, suggesting little self-compatibility. Additionally, the maternal reproductive success of outcrossed flowers was significantly greater than open control flowers suggesting pollen limitation, perhaps due to reduced pollinator abundance or activity. One study population showed significantly reduced reproduction during the second year, perhaps resulting from impacts of anthropogenic disturbance. Although both selfing treatments produced significantly fewer seeds, there were no significant differences in germination among treatments. Potential pollinators were observed and collected during three sampling efforts. A total of 77 flower visitors were collected during the study. Potential pollinators providing outcrossed pollen included several Andrena species and several Lasioglossum and Halictus species. Overall, these results indicate little self-compatibility while suggesting that the pollinators needed for successful reproduction may, in fact, be limiting. This study highlights the important role of native pollinator fauna in conservation while providing managers with the basic reproductive ecology needed to conserve this endemic desert shrub.