Schlotheimia consists of two subgenera in the Neotropics: subg. Schlotheimia with exserted capsules and long-campanulate calyptrae; and subg. Stegotheca with immersed capsules and short-conical calyptrae. A taxonomic revision of the 15 accepted names in subg. Stegotheca supports recognition of two species and a new variety. Schlotheimia appressifolia has lanceolate leaves, dentate upper margins, percurrent to subpercurrent costae and elliptical to isodiametric median cells. The names S. crumii, S. emergens, S. fasciculata, S. horridula, S. perserrata, S. puiggarii, S. serricalyx and S. uncialis are synonyms of S. appressifolia. Schlotheimia tecta has broader, oblong-lanceolate leaves, entire to serrulate and irregularly denticulate upper margins, percurrent or shortly excurrent costae and rounded, quadrate, or short-rectangular median cells. The names S. cuspidifera, S. furcata and S. robusticuspis are synonyms of S. tecta. Schlotheimia tecta var. jamaicensis var. nov. differs from S. tecta var. tecta in having linear-lanceolate leaves, consistently entire leaf margins and mostly larger, rhomboidal median cells.