Sculptolumina yunnanensis, a saxicolous lichenized fungus in the family Caliciaceae, is described as new from Yunnan, China. Its morphological characters include: ocher and epilithic thalli, pseudolecanorine or lecideine and sessile apothecia, flat and epruinose apothecial discs, Mischoblastia-type ascospores with funnel-shaped cell lumina and filiform conidia. This is the second saxicolous species in the genus Sculptolumina. A molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed for Sculptolumina, including S. japonica and S. yunnanensis, for the first time. A multilocus phylogeny of Buellia s.l. revealed that Sculptolumina forms a monophyletic clade with high support, and S. japonica and S. yunnanensis have a sister relationship within this clade.