The purpose of this application, under Article 75.6 of the Code, is to conserve the current usage of the name Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781) for a ubiquitous, medically and economically important species of acariform mite (family acaridae) by setting aside the existing name-bearing type and designating a replacement neotype. Cultures of this mite species are maintained in many research institutions or companies and are commercially traded as a source of mite allergens, food for phytoseiid mites used in biological control, and for various molecular biology applications. A recent taxonomic treatment indicated that the taxonomic concept of T. putrescentiae involved two closely related species, one common and one rare, and the neotype designated by Robertson (1959) for T. putrescentiae corresponds to the rare species; the common species was renamed as Tyrophagus communis Fan & Zhang, 2007. We demonstrated that the prevailing usage of the name T. putrescentiae comprises almost exclusively the common species, the name T. communis is a junior synonym of eight previously named taxa with extant types, and we proposed a new name for the rare species: Tyrophagus fanetzhangorum Klimov & OConnor, 2009. The stability of zoological nomenclature is therefore threatened by the following: (1) the prevailing usage of the name T. putrescentiae was not maintained by Fan & Zhang (2007); (2) the name T. communis proposed for the common species is a junior synonym and, therefore, not valid; and (3) besides the eight taxa for which synonymy with the common species was verified by us, types of older taxa may also be discovered in the future thus posing another nomenclatural challenge. We propose to conserve the prevailing usage of the name T. putrescentiae by designation of a new neotype from a culture currently maintained in a research institution, which was cited in many published works and started from specimens collected close to the type locality of T. putrescentiae.

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name of the dung beetle Onthophagus rugulosus Harold, 1886 (Coleoptera: scarabaeidae), a widespread species from East Asia, by suppressing the senior secondary homonym Elytridium rugidosum Heer, 1870, a fragmentary fossil from the Miocene of Spitsbergen, Norway, that was transferred to Onthophagus in 1977. A replacement name, O. spitsbergeniensis nom. nov., is proposed for the dubious fossil species.

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the widely used sawfly generic name Pachynematus Konow, 1890 by giving it precedence over a very rarely used senior subjective synonym Epitactus Förster, 1854, whenever the two are considered to be synonyms. Under Article 24.2, the description of Pachynematus by Konow (1890a) is determined to have conferred availability on the genus name, not the simultaneous description by Konow (1890b). The type species of Pachynematus by subsequent designation of Schmidt et al. (1998) is Nematus trisignatus Förster, 1854, currently regarded as a synonym of Pachynematus clitellatus (Serville, 1823). This species and some of its close relatives are of economic significance as pests of cereal and grass-fodder crops in North America, Europe and China.

The purpose of this application, under Article 81.1, is to set aside Retepora angulata Hall, 1852 and Retepora angulata Hall as applied by Foerste, 1887 as type species of the Palaeozoic bryozoan genus Phylloporina Ulrich in Foerste, 1887 and to designate Retepora trentonensis Nicholson, 1875 as the type species. Both R. angulata and R. trentonensis have been cited as type species of the cosmopolitan early Palaeozoic genus Phylloporina from 1900 to the present, with R. trentonensis being more commonly cited. Morphological details of R. angulata Hall, 1852 and R. angulata sensu Foerste, 1887 have only recently been determined. They are not consistent with the morphology of species assigned to and described as Phylloporina, even by authors who have cited R. angulata as the type species, whereas virtually all adequately described Phylloporina species appear to be congeneric with R. trentonensis. We request that R. trentonensis be designated as type species in conformity with the current concept of the genus.

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the widely used specific name nummifer Reuss, 1834 for an eastern Mediterranean colubrine snake originally published within Coluber Linnaeus, 1758 and currently referred to the genus Hemorrhois Boie, 1826. It is threatened by its putative senior synonym Coluber tyria Linnaeus, 1758, which after 1899 has been applied to Coluber cliffordii Schlegel, 1837, a taxon considered conspecific with the Saharo-Sindian Coluber diadema Schlegel, 1837 belonging to Spalerosophis Jan, 1865 (Spalerosophis diadema ssp.).

The purpose of this application, under Article 75.5 of the Code, is to conserve the usage of the name Allosaurus Marsh, 1877 by replacement of the fragmentary and nondiagnostic holotype of Allosaurus fragilis Marsh, 1877 with a diagnostic skull and skeleton from the same quarry. The name of the genus Allosaurus, whose type species is A. fragilis, is widely accepted by palaeontologists and has been familiar to the public for decades and it is essential that an adequate type be available. It is proposed that all type species fixations for the genus Allosaurus be set aside and a neotype be designated.

The purpose of this application, under Article 81.1 of the Code, is to conserve the generic name Paradisaea Linnaeus, 1758 and the family name paradisaeidae Swainson, 1825 for the birds of paradise. These names in these spellings have been in prevailing use for over 75 years. Suppression of the competing spellings Paradisea Linnaeus, 1758 and, as a consequence, paradiseidae Swainson, 1825, will maintain stability in nomenclature.

The Commission has ruled that the generic name Ataenius Harold, 1867 is conserved for a world-wide and well-known genus of scarab beetles (family scarabaeidae) by giving it precedence over the older name Aphodinus Motschulsky, 1862.

The Commission did not support a proposal to conserve the names aulacoscelini Chapuis, 1874 and aulacoscelinae Chapuis, 1874 for a group of Coleoptera currently placed in the orsodacnidae Thomson, 1859 (traditionally placed in the chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802) by ruling that the stem of the generic name Aulacoscelis is Aulacoscel-.

The Commission has conserved usage of the specific name of the staphylinid beetle Xantholinus gracilis Sperk, 1835 (currently Scopaeus gracilis) by designation of a neotype.

The Commission conserved the usage of the generic name Tentyria Latreille, 1802 by designation of Tentyria ligurica Solier, 1835 as the type species of this genus of darkling beetles from the Palaearctic region.

An application to conserve the current usage of the widely used name Drosophila Fallén, 1823 (a genus of flies widely used in biological research, particularly in genetics and developmental biology) in the face of potential taxonomic revision, by the designation of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (currently the type species of the subgenus Sophophora Sturtevant, 1939) as the type species of Drosophila, was not approved by the Commission. Drosophila funebris is maintained as the type species of the genus Drosophila Fallén, 1823.

The Commission has ruled that the stem of the generic name Ancyla Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841, on which the hymenopteran family-group name ancylini Michener, 1944 is based, is Ancyla-, to give ancylaini, thereby removing the homonymy with ancylini Rafinesque, 1815 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, based on Ancylus Müller, 1774).