Prionacalus White, 1845, a genus restricted to western South America from Colombia to northern Argentina, is revised. Of the 15 species currently described, seven are considered as distinct and redescribed herein. The following five new synonymies are proposed: Prionacalus gunteri Gahan, 1894 is removed from synonymy with Prionacalus buckleyi Waterhouse, 1872 and proposed as a new synonym of Prionacalus cacicus (White, 1845); Prionacalus simonsi Waterhouse, 1900 is a new synonym of éPrionacalus atys White, 1850; Prionacalus giovannii Hüdepohl, 1985 is a new synonym of Prionacalus whymperi Bates, 1892; Prionacalus trigonodes Bates, 1892, currently a synonym of P buckleyi, is proposed as a new synonym of P. whymperi; and P. buckleyi is a new synonym of Prionacalus iphis White, 1850. The following earlier synonymies are accepted: Prionacalus emmae Kolbe, 1902 and Prionacalus whitei Waterhouse, 1900 are synonyms of P. buckleyi (and consequently, synonyms of P. iphis); syntype female of Psalidognathus wallisi Taschenberg, 1870 is a synonym of P. cacicus. Waterhouse (1872) is considered the author of the designation of the lectotype for Prionacalus iphis. The designation of a lectotype for P whymperi by Quentin and Villiers is considered invalid. Lectotypes are designated for P. whymperi, P. buckleyi, and Prionacalus uniformis Waterhouse, 1900. A key to species is provided and all species are figured.

A faunal study of the Cerambycidae and the related Disteniidae (Coleoptera) is currently being conducted for the state of Alabama. Field surveys began in 2006 and are ongoing. Additional specimens were examined from the Auburn University Entomological Museum, Alabama Museum of Natural History at the University of Alabama, the University of North Alabama, and the private collection of Howard Grisham. To date, 234 taxa of Cerambycidae have been recorded, representing 119 genera and 48 tribes from seven subfamilies. The family Disteniidae is represented by only one species in Alabama. Fifty-one taxa are reported from Alabama for the first time.

Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are exposed to hypoxic conditions throughout their life cycle, including exposure to periods of severe hypoxia and hypercapnia within dung pats and closed burrows as adults. For rollers and tunnelers, underground brood chambers may also be exposed to flooding from seasonal precipitation. Because of their routine exposure to hypoxic conditions, these species may exhibit significant tolerance to immersion. Thus, this study examined the immersion tolerance of five species of adult dung beetles, Aphodius haemorrhoidalis (L.), Canthon pilularius (L.), Melanocanthon nigricornis (Say), Onthophagus hecate (Panzer), and Phanaeus vindex MacLeay, representing three behavioral groups (rollers, tunnelers, dwellers) by submersing them in hypoxic water (dissolved oxygen concentrations below 0.3 ppm). We found no differences in time to 50% mortality (LT₅₀) among behavioral groups. Mean survival times ranged from 7–37 hours, with P. vindex having the shortest LT₅₀ of 7.87 hours and A. haemorrhoidalis the longest at 37.04 hours. Additional tests compared survival of C. pilularius in a nitrogen atmosphere and while submerged in normoxic water. Although survival times increased slightly in normoxic water, results were not significantly different. We then quantified lactate in C. pilularius in response to severe hypoxia, demonstrating that this group, and likely other dung beetles, can conduct anaerobic metabolism during periods of severe hypoxia. These results suggest that immersion tolerance in dung beetles is governed by more than life history, and is likely a consequence of numerous ecological and physiological factors.

The genus Amithao Thomson, 1878 is comprehensively revised. Redescriptions of previously known species, a key for identification, and illustrations of the 13 species are provided. Guatemalica marginicollis (Burmeister) is transferred to Amithao. The following new synonyms are established: Desicasta nonfriedi Schoch and Amithao erici Mitter are Amithao erythropus (Burmeister); Amithao thomsoni (Janson) is Amithao haematopus (Schaum); Amithao niveosparsus Moser and Amithao sparsus Casey are Amithao lafertei (Thomson); and Amithao spence (Gory and Percheron) is Amithao tristis (F.). Amithao obscurus Schoch is a female of Tiaocera rhinoceros (Gory and Percheron). Amithao staudingeri Schürhoff is rediscovered. Amithao tristis (F.) is transferred from junior to senior synonymy. Amithao anthracinus Ratcliffe from Panama is described as a new species.

Long-lived, benthic macroinvertebrate taxa are often poorly represented in intermittent streams because the periodic lack of water eliminates colonization habitat for those invertebrates, especially among those for which burrowing is not part of their life history. In the western United States, elmid beetles, which do not burrow, have a multiple-year life cycle, and multiple species are often found coexisting, even in intermittent streams. The elmid beetle communities of 21 sites on eight streams in northern Nevada were examined to determine patterns of occurrence and their relation to water permanence in those streams. Samples were collected in June 2006, May 2007, September 2010, and July 2011. In two streams, no elmid beetles were collected, probably due to the habitat not being conducive to elmid beetle presence (mucky substrate). Among the perennial stream sites, one or two species were consistently dominant, and the relative abundances of species were similar throughout all years. In contrast, elmid beetles were often, but not always, absent from intermittent streams even when water was present, and species dominance was usually different among the years when elmid beetles were present in those streams. These data suggest a strong role of opportunistic colonization in intermittent headwater streams, with more stable communities fostered by perennial streams. Collection records are presented for Optioservus castaneipennis (Fall), new state record, which heretofore had not been reported from Nevada.

A new rove beetle is described and figured from Early Eocene amber of India. The specimen, though damaged by compression and with a limited number of views for its study, is complete and belongs to the subfamily Osoriinae. Paleosorius cambayensis Ortega-Blanco, Chatzimanolis, and Engel, new genus and new species, is described as the oldest Osoriinae, and its relationship with other fossils in the subfamily is briefly discussed.

Ptomaphagus parashant Peck and Wynne, new species, is described from a cave in northwestern Arizona. This is the most cave-modified (troglomorphic) cholevine species known in western North America. Presently, the type locality is the only known location for this new species. We offer management recommendations including annual monitoring to document unauthorized human visitation to this cave and other suggestions to help protect the species from future human disturbance.

Syntypes are documented for some species of Pselaphinae found in the Zoological Institute of St. Petersburg and described by V. I. Motschulsky from Panama and the United States: Trichonyx aequinoctialis Motschulsky (now in Anarmodius Raffray), Eupsenius dilatatus Motschulsky, Bryaxis consanguinea Motschulsky (now in Decarthron Brendel), Goniacerus gibbus Motschulsky, Euplectus tropicalis Motschulsky (now in Panaramecia Park), and Bryaxis pruinosa Motschulsky (now in Reichenhachia Leach). Problems with names associated with Arthmius vividus (Motschulsky) and the generic concepts of Circocerus Motschulsky, Upoluna Schaufuss, and Apharus Reitter are resolved. Batrisus vividus Schaufuss and Batrisus rivularis Motschulsky are placed as junior synonyms of Batrisus vividus Motschulsky (new synonymies); the junior homonym Batrisus rivularis Schaufuss (not Motschulsky) is replaced by the available name Oxarthrius escharus Park (new synonymy). Apharus is placed as a junior synonym of Circocerus (new synonymy), and Upoluna is removed from synonymy with Circocerus (new status) to hold Circocerus batrisioides (new combination). Difficulty in separation of Upoluna from the nominate subgenus of Hamotus is discussed.

Research was conducted in pasture, cerrado forest fragments, and crop succession areas with the objective of studying the biology and describing the third instar of Bothynus medon (Germar, 1824). The studies were conducted in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul and Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil, where adults were captured using light traps baited with ripe banana and sugarcane juice; larvae were sampled in soybean and corn crop areas. Adults were encountered flying in the field at the start of the rainy season, which lasted from September to December. Eggs were found in October and November, first and second instars occurred from November to February, and third instar from January to July. Pupae were encountered from July to August. Development from egg to adult was completed in a year. A description of the third instar of B. medon and a key to known larvae of the genera of New World Pentodontini are herein presented.

The New Zealand pselaphine genus Stenosagola Broun (type species = S. planiocula Broun) comprises 21 species, 18 of which are described as new: Stenosagola pseudogracilis Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola clarkei Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola egmontensis Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola ramsayi Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola domettensis Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola eylesi Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola stewartensis Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola huiaensis Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola northlandensis Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola thayerae Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola dugdalei Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola tararuaensis Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola haunuiensis Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola pseudoconnata Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola chandleri Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola nunni Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola newtoni Park and Carlton, new species; Stenosagola butcheri Park and Carlton, new species; and Stenosagola fiordlandensis Park and Carlton, new species. Three species, Stenosagola crassicornis (Broun), Stenosagola oblongiceps Broun, and Stenosagola planiocula Broun, are synonymized under Stenosagola gracilis (Broun), and two species, Stenosagola griseipila Broun and Sagola longipennis Broun are synonymized under Stenosagola connata (Broun). A key to species, habitus photographs, and line drawings of diagnostic characters are provided.

Mouthparts and genae of the adult females of Doubledaya bucculenta Lewis (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae) exhibit distinct directional asymmetry. Females excavate holes with their mandibles on hard internodes of bamboos to deposit their eggs on the inner surface of internodes. To determine the relationship between the spatial distribution pattern of completed oviposition marks (COMs) and the degree of mandibular asymmetry, COMs were counted on the culms and internodes of the bamboo Pleioblastus simonii (Carrière) Nakai (Poaceae), and the survival rate of immature stages was investigated. Another languriine beetle, Anadastus pulchelloides Nakane, exhibits a smaller degree of mandibular asymmetry. For this species, COMs were also investigated on culms and internodes but of the perennial grass Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka. Females of the two beetle species selected large basilar internodes of host plant culms for oviposition in the field. The mean number ±SD of COMs per COM-containing internode was 1.1 ± 0.4 for both D. bucculenta and A. pulchelloides, suggesting that COMs deterred females from ovipositing on COM-containing internodes. Larvae of D. bucculenta completed development within an internode. The survival rate of D. bucculenta immature stages increased as the internodes increased in size. Given the positive correlation between adult body size and internode size, it is possible that the markedly asymmetric mandibles of D. bucculenta females help with oviposition in internodes that give higher fitness to the offspring.

The pheromone (Z)- and/or (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal (Trogodermal) is the main sex attractant for pest carpet beetles, Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898, Trogoderma inclusum LeConte, 1854, Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst, 1783) and Trogoderma variable Ballion, 1878. This pheromone is often used to detect these pests within granaries, but it has not been reported to have been used to trap beetles in outside environments. We used Trogodermal-baited traps to collect over 3,000 dermestids in 43 dispersed locations in North and Central America; only 85 dermestids were collected in unbaited traps. Nine species of Trogoderma Dejean and individuals of Megatoma Herbst, Orphilus Erichson, Orphinus Motschulsky, and Thaumaglossa Redtenbacher were collected. This study is the first documentation of intergeneric dermestid response to Trogodermal.

The taxonomy and nomenclature of several species-group names for the pelidnotine scarabs (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) are clarified. Two replacement names are proposed for homonyms in the genus Pelidnota MacLeay: Pelidnota francoisgenieri Moore and Jameson, new name, for Pelidnota genieri Soula, 2009 and Pelidnota vladimalyi Moore and Jameson, new name, for Pelidonota malyi Soula, 2010. Two replacement names are proposed for homonyms in the genus Patatra Soula: Neopatatra Moore and Jameson, new name and new synonym, for Patatra Soula, 2009 and Patatra synonyma Moore and Jameson, new name and new synonym, for Patatra mathani Soula, 2009. The genus Minilasiocala Soula is a new synonym of Microogenius Gutiérrez. The nomenclature of the genus Hoplopelidnota F. Bates is clarified, and Hoplopelidnota armata Ohaus is a new synonym of Hoplopelidnota metallica Laporte. The genus Pelidnotopsis Ohaus is considered a new synonym of Chrysina Kirby. The following names are unavailable: Epichalcoplethis vazdemelli Soula, Mecopelidnota willersi Soula, Pelidnota demergesi Soula, Pelidnota vladislavmalyi Soula, and Sorocha damasoi satipoensis Soula. Chrysina henrybatesi Hawks, 2001 is considered a nomen nudum and an unavailable name. Two names are emended: the spelling of Plusiotis türckheimi Ohaus is emended to Chrysina tuerckheimi and Chalcoplethis kirbyi misionesensis Soula (an incorrect original spelling) is emended to Chalcoplethis kirbii misionesensis. The status of infrasubspecific names in the pelidnotine scarabs is discussed. The name Pelidnota semiaurata var. citripennis (Ohaus) is elevated to Pelidnota semiaurata citripennis (Ohaus), new status. Parhoplognathus parvulus var. rubripennis Ohaus is infrasubspecific and an unavailable name. The name Parhoplognathus rubripennis should be attributed to Soula and not Ohaus. The three varieties of Pelidnota cuprea described by Ohaus are infrasubspecific and are unavailable names. A list of subsequent incorrect spellings in the pelidnotine scarabs, a list of lapsus calami from Soula's four volumes on the pelidnotines, and a list of genera included in the pelidnotine scarabs sensu Soula are provided.

Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) carbonarius (Mannerheim, 1829) provisions its brood chambers entirely with comminuted leaf litter, mostly of fumo bravo (Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal), and covers them with a thin layer of entire or large fragments of leaves. This is the first recorded case of brood chambers provisioned exclusively with leaf litter. The brood chamber is composed of a main spherical chamber and a cylindrical protuberance in the proximal pole. The egg chamber is located at the distal pole. These brood chambers show, to some extent, intermediate features between brood masses and brood balls. The pupation chamber is constructed without any pellet arrangement and differs from others described from South America and also from those preserved inside Patagonian fossil brood balls, suggesting that this branch of Dichotomius Hope including Luederwaldtinia Martinez could be a separate lineage.

Most Silphidae are scavengers of carrion or other decaying material. Previous studies have reported 18 species of silphids found in Maryland. Our research used baited hanging pitfall traps to examine the species diversity of carrion beetles in two habitats (forest and field) of the Nassawango Creek Nature Conservancy Preserve in Maryland, USA. In addition, foraging height was examined at two heights (0.5 m and 2.5 m) to study vertical distribution along with seasonality. A total of eight species was captured, with most species preferring the forest habitat and ground placed traps. Just one species, Nicrophorus pustulatus Herschel, showed a preference for foraging at higher elevations. This is congruent with previous studies reported for this species.