A new genus and 14 new species of Anopidiina are described from the West Indies. Prototyrtaeus Spiessberger and Ivie, new genus (type species: Prototyrtaeus darlingtoni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species) is described from the Greater Antillean islands of Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico, with 14 new species: Prototyrtaeus duartei Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus neiba Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus unomas Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus obrieni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus pecki Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus gracilicornis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus howdeni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus sandersoni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus beckeri Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus darlingtoni, new species; Prototyrtaeus maestrensis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus felis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus turquinensis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species; Prototyrtaeus auranticornis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species. The enigmatic single record of the family Byrrhidae from the West Indies (Puerto Rico) is resolved as a misidentification of Prototyrtaeus.