This is a faunistic and nomenclatural overview of the species of Aderidae Csiki, 1909 found in North America, north of Mexico. It includes the first records of two species previously known only from the Old World: Ariotus lemoulti (Pic, 1909), new combination and Cobososia reducta (Wollaston, 1867), and of two species previously known from Mexico (Pseudanidorus championi (Pic, 1894), new combination) and from Panama (Pseudanidorus corticarioides (Champion, 1890), new combination), respectively; the description of two new genera (Grzymala Gompel, new genus and Litaderus Gompel, new genus) and 11 new species (Ariotus circinalis Gompel, new species, Ariotus persimilis Gompel, new species, Ariotus piryi Gompel, new species, Ariotus platytarsus Gompel, new species, Ariotus rileyi Gompel, new species, Ariotus vitanzai Gompel, new species, Grzymala velutina Gompel, new species, Litaderus tomentosus Gompel, new species, Pseudanidorus bifidus Gompel, new species, Pseudanidorus bussi Gompel, new species, and Pseudanidorus lescheni Gompel, new species); and the validation of a previously described species for which the holotype had not been properly designated, Syzeton belovi Gompel, new species. In addition, Vanonus Casey, 1895 is proposed as a junior synonym of Pseudanidorus Pic, 1893, new synonym and 15 species are transferred to Pseudanidorus: Pseudanidorus appendiculatus (Champion, 1893), new combination; Pseudanidorus brevicornis (Perris, 1869), new combination; Pseudanidorus calvescens (Casey, 1895), new combination; Pseudanidorus championi (Pic, 1894), new combination; Pseudanidorus huronicus (Casey, 1895), new combination; Pseudanidorus musculus (Werner, 1990), new combination; Pseudanidorus oklahomensis (Werner, 1990), new combination; Pseudanidorus piceus (LeConte, 1855), new combination; Pseudanidorus sagax (Casey, 1895), new combination; Pseudanidorus unifasciatus (Champion, 1890), new combination; Pseudanidorus uniformis (Werner, 1990), new combination; Pseudanidorus valgus (Werner, 1990), new combination; Pseudanidorus validicornis (Pic, 1905), new combination; Pseudanidorus vigilans (Casey, 1895), new combination; Pseudanidorus wickhami (Casey, 1895), new combination. Likewise, Xylophilus brunnescens Fall, 1901 is transferred to Euglenes Westwood, 1830 to become Euglenes brunnescens (Fall, 1901), new combination. Furthermore, the following synonymies are proposed: Hylophilus (Scanylus) vicinus Pic, 1905 and Pseudanidorus balteatus (Werner, 1990) are considered new junior synonyms of Pseudanidorus unifasciatus (Champion, 1890); Vanonus macrops Werner, 1990 is a new junior synonym of Pseudanidorus musculus (Werner, 1990); Xylophilus orientalis Champion, 1915 is a new junior synonym of Ariotus lemoulti (Pic, 1909); Hylophilus pubescens Pic, 1926 is a new junior synonym of Cobososia reducta (Wollaston, 1867); Tokiophilus Pic, 1921 is a new junior synonym of Axylophilus Casey, 1895, and consequently, two taxa are transferred from this genus, Axylophilus applicatus (Pic, 1921), new combination and Axylophilus reductefasciatus (Pic, 1927), new combination. Finally, identification keys to the 16 aderid genera and 65 species, as well as a provisional checklist of species, found in USA and Canada are presented.